| Flexible electronic devices,characterized by their lightweight,portability,bendability,stretchability,and high adaptability,not only achieve the purpose of human health monitoring through wearable physiological signal sensing but also integrate various physical intervention therapies to provide patients with personalized precision intervention plans,optimizing treatment effects.While the individual application of electrical,mechanical,or optical physical fields has been demonstrated to accelerate tissue damage recovery,single intervention methods often struggle to achieve ideal results for specific diseases,and multi-physical field stimulation holds promise for enhancing therapeutic effects.However,the realization of multi-physical field synergistic intervention devices still encounters challenges,including the integration of multi-physical field into wearable devices and the synergistic mechanism of multi-physical field.In addition,within specific application scenarios,stimulation devices need to be integrated with other devices such as sensors to achieve real-time monitoring and intervention treatment for patients,which involves device design and system integration issues.To address these issues,this dissertation focuses on in-situ intervention therapy and multi-physical field intervention therapy within the framework of large device volumes,and studies the design and fabrication methods of flexible intervention devices based on electromechanical and optoelectronic synergistic,respectively.This research achieves dental orthodontic treatment and wound rapid healing based on wearable devices.Based on this,a flexible integration of blood glucose sensing units and electric field intervention units was developed,leading to the creation of patch tailored for wound healing in diabetic patients.This dissertation focuses on the above issues and conducts a series of studies:(1)To address the requirement for in-situ intervention therapy within stretchable flexible systems across multi-physical field,a flexible intervention unit based on electromechanical synergy was designed and prepared,and a personalized wearable orthodontic device was constructed.Through various manufacturing and processing techniques,the piezoelectric units were stacked with multi-layer microstructures,achieving high sensitivity and excellent robustness,with a mechanical response range from 100 Pa to 20 kPa,and efficiently converted mechanical energy from daily occlusal processes into discrete pulse electric fields of approximately 600 mV/mm.Simultaneously,based on a fundamental structure compatible with commercial aligners,research was conducted on the integrated design approach of flexible intervention units with aligner structures,achieving excellent conformal attachment of the flexible intervention units and the teeth.On this basis,a personalized occlusion-activated electromechanical synergistic dental aligner was successfully fabricated,and its performance was characterized.The device could be customized for patients through the integration of flexible intervention units and aligners adapted to different dental surface structures.The test results indicated that after 18 days of electromechanical synergistic intervention,the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement in young and aged rats increased by 34%and 164%respectively.Through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence characterization of osteogenic and osteoclastic cells,the mechanism of multi-physical field intervention based on electromechanical synergy was deeply analyzed.The results showed that the expression of TRAP,CTSK,Sca-1 and RUNX2could be up-regulated by the synergistic intervention of electromechanical physical fields,thereby promoting the metabolism and remodeling of alveolar bone and accelerating the process of orthodontic treatment.(2)To address the requirement for in-situ intervention therapy within flexible systems across multi-physical field,a flexible intervention unit based on optoelectronic synergy was designed and fabricated,and a wearable wound patch was constructed.Utilizing fabrication techniques such as transfer printing and ultraviolet nanosecond laser processing,a multi-layer stacking integration method for electric field and optical intervention units was devised.This enabled the realization of interdigitatal-shaped electric field intervention units and 620 nm wavelength optical intervention units,with device dimensions optimized to 25×25 mm~2,ensuring excellent conformal attachment of the flexible intervention unit to skin wounds.Building upon this,a flexible wireless optoelectronic synergistic intervention wound patch was successfully fabricated and its performance was optimized.Utilizing miniaturized coils for wireless power via near-field transmission,after 8 days of optoelectronic synergistic intervention,the circular wound closure rate of the optoelectronic synergistic group reached approximately 92.32%,an increase of more than approximately 27%compared to the control group.Mechanistic studies revealed that the electrical intervention alters the the endogenous electric field within the wound,promoting cell migration and differentiation.Simultaneously,optical intervention enhanced mitochondrial activity and promoted angiogenesis,thereby accelerating healing metabolism.Through synergistic intervention of optoelectronic physical fields,the secretion of key proteins and factors(CD31,EGF,TGF-β,and VEGF)was promoted,accelerating the wound healing process.(3)To meet the demands for stretchable flexibility and preemptive intervention prior to the onset of diabetic wound symptoms,a blood glucose sensing and wound healing intervention unit was designed,and a wearable flexible wound patch was constructed.Through fabrication techniques such as transfer printing and encapsulation,an integrated patch was created,composed of a flexible wearable wireless electromagnetic blood glucose sensors and electric field-growth factor intervention wound dressings.It is used for real-time monitoring of blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients and personalized intervention of wounds.In terms of blood glucose sensing,a flexible wearable wireless blood glucose sensing module was developed,integrating a flexible resistor-capacitor-inductor resonance circuit and a wireless data acquisition unit.This module was capable of translating changes in blood glucose concentration in underlying tissues into phase changes of S parameters,enabling continuous wireless monitoring of blood glucose concentration.Ex vivo and volunteer hypo-to hyperglycemic monitoring validations achieved supered fidelity and correlation,with sensitivity greater than 0.0626°/(mg/dl).The correlation coefficient values were 0.996 and 0.945 for ex vivo mammalian skin and healthy volunteers’oral glucose tolerance tests,comparable to commercial blood glucose meters.In terms of healing intervention,a wound healing intervention module was prepared,consisting of electrodes composed of serpentine-structured electrostatic polypropylene electrets film and hydrogels containing vascular endothelial growth factor.Animal experiments showed that wounds of various shapes effectively healed within 6 to 8 days,and the wound closure rate of different shapes was more than approximately 82.99%,which was significantly better than other control groups.Mechanistic studies indicated that electrical intervention promoted the release of growth factors within the hydrogel,accelerating epidermal regeneration.Simultaneously,hydrogel intervention facilitated cell proliferation and differentiation,and expedited the formation of new blood vessels.In general,the expression of EGF,TGF-βand VEGF was increased,ultimately achieving accelerated wound healing.Furthermore,the blood glucose sensing module was integrated with the wound healing intervention module and verified through a rat diabetic wound model,and the results showed that the healing rate of the wound healing intervention module reached approximately 96.47%,an increase of about 11.43%compared to the control group.Through the integration of sensing and intervention,real-time monitoring and intervention in the treatment of diabetic patients become feasible. |
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