| China’s port and shipping industry has formed a significant scale advantage,and has been promoting the related service industries.For this reason,major coastal port cities have established the construction of shipping center as an important target task for urban development,and it has become a key area for deepening reform and expanding opening in the pilot free trade zone(FTZ).It is important to clarify the influence mechanism of the pilot FTZ on port and shipping service industry and evaluate the effect,so as to find out the existing shortcomings and their reasons.Then,it would be necessary to accordingly propose the institutional innovation countermeasures to accelerate the development of port and shipping service industry in China’s pilot FTZ.Based on a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the connotation of port and maritime service industry,this dissertation examines the development trend and characteristics of global port and shipping service industry,studies the development mode of port and shipping service industry,proposes the impact mechanism of the pilot FTZ on port and maritime service industry,and develops an evaluation model to derive the impact effect of China’s pilot FTZ on port and shipping service industry.The main research work and conclusions of this dissertation are as follows.(1)Define the basic concepts of the port and shipping service industry.This dissdertation defines the port and shipping service industry as an industrial chain group formed on the basis of two major industries,namely port(stevedoring,warehousing,etc.)and shipping(maritime transport).We comprehensively and systematically sort out seven categories and nearly twenty specific industry categories,thus constituting the so-called "camping stage-port distance" industry connotation matrix.According to the proximity of the port,the industry connotation matrix is divided into two major parts: port service industry and shipping service industry,as the basic concept of the whole study.(2)The development mode of port and shipping service industry is proposed.From the perspective of global development trend,port service industry will grow,develop and decline with the migration of ports,while the shipping service industry will gradually change to the development state of separation,decentralization and concentration after experiencing the development of early port and shipping integration and high concentration.In other words,there are three modes of port and shipping service industry,namely,port and shipping separation-highland,port and shipping separationdepression,and port and shipping synergy.(3)Reveal the influence mechanism of the pilot FTZ on the port and shipping service industry.From the global experience,the establishment of pilot FTZs is a common initiative for the development of port and shipping service industry in the world.From the further analysis of the three modes of port and maritime service development,there are three possible impact mechanisms of the pilot FTZ on port and maritime service industry.The first is scale effect under which the pilot FTZ indirectly promotes the development of port service industry by promoting the growth of cargo trade and thus the development of port(throughput).The second is the selection effect under which the shipping service industry,as one of the key areas of reform and opening up and service trade in the pilot FTZ,has a direct promotion effect,which is reflected in the site-selection behavior of service industry enterprises and their changes.The third is the cluster effect or synergy effect under which the development of port service industry itself has the promotion effect of shipping service industry in the region,thus the construction of the pilot FTZ also has the indirect effect on shipping service industry.(4)Construct the evaluation method of the impact of the pilot FTZ on port and shipping service industry.In this dissertation,10 coastal port cities which have established the goal of building shipping center and set up pilot FTZs in China are taken as the research objects,and the evaluation models of the impact of pilot FTZs on port and shipping service industry are constructed for the above three mechanisms respectively.First,it introduces the anisotropic growth model and constructs the evaluation model of the impact effect of pilot FTZ on port service industry with the change of coastal port throughput as the main index.Second,it introduces the perspective of world city theory and constructs the evaluation model of the impact effect of the pilot FTZ on shipping service industry with the location of headquarters and branches of key enterprises in shipping service industry as the index by using the chain network model and social network analysis method.Third,by using the QAP method,the synergistic effect of port service industry on shipping service industry is studied and analyzed.(5)The evaluation results of the impact effect of the FTZ on the port and shipping service industry are obtained.The evaluation results of this dissertation find that the impact effect of China’s pilot FTZ on port service industry and shipping service industry both have the characteristics of rising first and then falling.That is,in the early stage of the construction of the pilot FTZ,it has a certain positive promotion effect on the development of port and shipping service industry.But after that,the effect decreases rapidly until the negative effect appears.Further analysis of the evaluation results shows that the positive promotion effect of the pilot FTZ is mainly reflected in a few cities,with significant heterogeneity.First,the effect of pilot FTZ on port service industry is related to the development stage of the port,hinterland and economic development and port governance,etc.Second,the shipping service industry of coastal port cities is in the development of dislocation characteristics.The promotion effect of pilot FTZ on two shipping service industries,such as shipping finance and ship management,is more significant,and it is mainly achieved by strengthening the density and centrality of chain relationship network in a few cities,such as Shanghai and Tianjin.This shows that the above cities have taken practical measures,early and pilot,and achieved results.However,the systemic and advanced nature of the initiative needs to be enhanced.Most of the cities are still in exploration and planning,and most of them put forward concepts and goals,lacking effective strategic initiatives to support them,and the overall development level is not enough.In addition,there is no significant correlation between the scale relationship of port service industry and chain relationship of shipping service industry in China,which indicates that coastal port cities are still in the state of separate development of port and shipping,and the situation of large scale of port service industry and underdeveloped shipping service industry is more common and needs to be changed urgently.(6)Suggestions for countermeasures to accelerate the development of port and shipping service industry in the pilot FTZ are proposed.By analyzing the essence and problems of the construction of China’s pilot FTZ at the present stage,this dissertation puts forward the logic of the idea that the development of port and shipping service industry in the pilot FTZ should be accelerated mainly by system innovation.In terms of promoting the development of port service industry,the key is to further expand the port service network,to further promote the integration of coastal ports and synchronize the implementation of the administrative system innovation of sea and land ports,to promote the coastal-inland port alliance as the main goal to optimize the layout of the pilot FTZ system innovation and to promote China’s ports to go out as the goal of port operation system innovation;in terms of promoting the development of shipping service industry,the main is to promote the shipping.In terms of promoting the development of shipping service industry,the main objective is to promote the transformation of the opening system of shipping service industry from "border measures" to "measures within the border",and from "import and export" of commodities and factors to "import and export" of rules and other systems.In terms of promoting the development of shipping service industry,we mainly promote the transformation of shipping service industry opening system from "border measures" to "measures within the border",from "import and export" of commodities and elements to "import and export" of rules and other systems,and explore the new regulation of digital shipping service and new tax system of shipping service industry. |
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