| The theory of thermal adaptation is widely used in the study of global thermal comfort due to its advantages of statistical experience and more accurate than the traditional PMV-PPD model.However,there are still some problems such as‘black box’model,unclear internal mechanism,lack of traditional residential buildings covered by the database,etc.In addition,the PMV-PPD model ignores the effect of solar radiation,which limits the development and application of adaptive thermal comfort theory.In view of the above problems,this paper reveals the influence of thermal adaptive behavior,psychological adaptation and physiological acclimation on the thermal comfort of human body through field studies,on-site measurements and numerical simulations,and preliminarily discusses the application of adaptive thermal comfort model in traditional dwellings in Nanjing.Based on the field investigation of thermal comfort in traditional dwellings in Nanjing,the adaptive thermal comfort model of traditional dwellings in Nanjing is put forward,and it is preliminarily applied to the indoor thermal comfort evaluation and part of design parameters optimization of traditional residential buildings in Xiaoxihu area of Nanjing,which enriches and perfects the global database of human thermal comfort and provides a certain research basis and guiding significance for the theory of thermal adaptation.Firstly,the thermal environment and thermal comfort of traditional dwellings in the Small West Lake area in Nanjing were measured and investigated,and the thermal comfort situation and thermal adaptation regulation of traditional residents in Nanjing were discussed.The results show that the local residents have adapted to the local climate,and their thermal neutral temperature(14.44℃)is lower than that in ASHRAE standard and the thermal neutral temperature of modern residential residents in winter.The thermal neutral temperature in summer(27.63℃)is also higher than that in ASHRAE standard and the thermal neutral temperature of modern residential residents in summer.The thermal sensitivity of traditional residents is lower than that of modern residents.80%of them can accept a wider range of indoor operative temperature(5～23.1℃in winter and 24.7～31.7℃in summer).The thermal perference temperature in winter is higher than the thermal neutral temperature,and the thermal perference temperature and thermal neutral temperature in summer are the same.Due to the long-term cold indoor environment in winter,the physiological acclimatization of traditional residents makes their demand factor 0.7 in winter,which is lower than that 0.8 in summer.Secondly,the solar radiation correction term is introduced into the human body heat balance equation based on the traditional PMV-PPD,and the thermal comfort field study was carried out in a central heating office building in Beijing in winter and in an office building in Nanjing in summer to verify the accuracy of the modified PMV model.The results show that there is a linear relationship between the modified PMV~*index and the actual thermal sensation vote(TSV)and the modified indoor operative temperature.But when the indoor operative temperature is lower than 18℃or higher than 30℃,the modified PMV~*index still underestimates the actual TSV in winter because it ignores the thermal adaptation of human body.Only the physical parameters of PMV-PPD model based on human body heat balance equation are modified,which can not accurately evaluate thermal comfort under the low or high temperature environment.Thirdly,aiming at the influence of the psychological factor of‘perceived control’on the thermal comfort of human body,the influence of psychological adaptation on thermal comfort from the perspectives of‘is there any influence or not?’,‘how much is the influence?’and‘how to describe the influence quantitatively?’was analyzed through the field investigation of thermal comfort of two residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter(HSCW)zone and an experiment carried out in the climate chamber.The results show that the residents’TSV of the split air-conditioning heating mode is usually higher than that of the central heating mode in the HSCW zone.From the perspective of guiding thermal comfort,the central heating standard of northern China should not be directly applied to the Yangtze River area in southern China.In winter,the thermal neutral temperatures of residents in residential buildings with split air conditioning and central heating system are 16.9℃and 18.6℃respectively.It should be considered to give residents or users the freedom to adjust the indoor temperature and other control ways,which is conducive to reducing the residents’thermal preference temperature and heating energy consumption.When the indoor operative temperature deviates from 18℃in winter and 26℃in summer,the subjects with perceived control are closer to thermal neutrality than subjects without perceived control.The effect of perceived control has a linear relationship with the indoor operative temperature.Fourthly,based on the effects of physiological acclimation,behavior adjustment,psychological adaptation and solar radiation on thermal comfort,this paper establishes an adaptive thermal comfort model based on traditional dwellings in Nanjing and puts forward the thermal comfort range.The results show that the thermal comfort demands of residents are different in different seasons,and there are seasonal differences in the demand factors and thermal comfort range of traditional residents in winter and summer.This model has both the physical advantages like the PMV-PPD model and the statistical experience advantages of thermal adaptation model,and it is more accurate for the thermal comfort evaluation of mixed-mode residential buildings in the HSCW zone.Finally,this paper applies the above model to quantitatively evaluate the indoor thermal comfort of traditional dwellings,and uses Energy Plus software to simulate the annual thermal environment of a representative traditional dwelling in Nanjing,and uses adaptive thermal comfort model to evaluate and analyze the thermal comfort situation in winter and summer.Then,the orthogonal test method is used to optimize and simulate the four design parameters of traditional dwellings in Nanjing,which are external wall insulation,south window shading,window glass type and building orientation.The results show that the indoor thermal environment of traditional residential buildings in Nanjing is more comfortable in summer and worse in winter.The optimal combination scheme of the envelope of traditional residential dwellings in Nanjing is as follows:external wall EPS 40 mm thick insulation+south window0.2 m shading+Low-E insulating glass+building orientation 10~°south by West.The order of influence of each parameter on annual thermal comfort is as follows:window glass type>building orientation>south window shading>external wall insulation,which is the same as the range of influence factors of winter thermal comfort.The type of window glass is the main factor affecting the indoor thermal comfort of traditional dwellings.Improving the thermal insulation performance of window glass is of great significance to improve the thermal comfort in winter and even throughout the year. |
