Research On The Type Division Of Traditional Villages In Southwest China

China is a country with a history of more than 5,000 years of farming civilization.In the long history of agricultural development,the people of all ethnic groups in China have created many traditional villages with different styles and unique local characteristics through continuous production and life practices.The total number of traditional villages in southwest China composed of Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Chongqing is more than a quarter of that of the whole of China,which is a typical area for the distribution of traditional villages in China.The study of traditional villages in southwest China is an important aspect in the field of traditional Chinese village research.Southwest China has a complex natural geographic environment and a unique historical and humanistic process.The interaction of these two factors has created a wealth of traditional village types.How to understand its characteristics of type and carry out spatial division scientifically and reasonably is an important prerequisite for the formulation of traditional village protection and development planning in this area.In order to analyze the typological characteristics of traditional villages in this large-scale spatial space and perform regional interpretations,this study draws on the zoning ideas of M.R.G.Conzen’s morphological regionalization,and designs methods with the core concept of "type regions",which expands and constructs an analysis framework suitable for the regional division of traditional village types.That is,based on a comprehensive analysis of various elements of traditional villages,the ethnic characteristics,village sites,residential dwellings,and plane shapes are extracted as the key elements to divide the traditional village types.Combined with the big data method,an analysis framework that can classify traditional villages is finally formed.According to the constructed analysis framework,relevant data of 1,875 traditional villages in the southwest region is collected in this study by comprehensive survey.On this basis,the classification characteristics and spatial distribution rules of the selected four types of key element data are sorted out.Specifically,the ethnic types of villages in southwest China include five ethnic groups: Diqiang,Baiyue,Baipu,Miaoyao,Hanmeng.The ethnic groups are composed of different modern ethnic groups.In terms of space,different ethnic groups live together,and ethnic mixed areas occupy most of the southwest China.The types of village site selection include alpine valleys,plateau mountains,hilly platforms,and plain dams.There are huge differences in the site selection and macro-topography of different villages.The main manifestation is that many low-hill villages have appeared in the flat Sichuan Basin,while many flat-dam villages and some high-hill and low-hill villages have also appeared in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,where the mountainous nature is significant.The types of village dwellings include four series: Qionglong system,Jingganbanwu system,Ganlan system and Heyuan system.There are several typical residential subcategories under each series.In terms of spatial distribution,the types of village dwellings are related to ethnic groups.Generally,traditional villages of the same ethnic group in a certain range use the same residential style.The types of village plane are classified into 9 types: dense type,group type,parallel contour type,strip type,grid type,row type,scattered type,radial type and core type.In terms of spatial distribution,the plane type of the village has a certain correlation with the topography.Generally,the plane morphology of traditional villages in the same terrain area shows similar characteristics.After dividing the spatial distribution map of the different characteristic attributes of traditional villages based on the above types of elements,the types of traditional villages in southwest China are divided comprehensively according to the priority of the elements through superimposition.Finally,a map of the traditional village types in the southwestern region is formed.The zoning result is displaying using a two-level zoning system.The traditional villages were named according to the general geographical area and geographical scope.They are divided into 4 regions,namely,western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan region,Yunchuan region,Guiyu region,and Chuanyu region.Traditional village areas were named according to the administrative scope and the names of cities and counties in which traditional villages are concentrated.The western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan region is further divided into 7 traditional village areas.Yunchuan region is further divided into 11 traditional village areas.Guiyu region is further divided into 4 traditional village areas.The Chuanyu region is further divided into 3 traditional village areas.There are 25 types of areas in total.The result of this division provided a clear base map for the systematic analysis of traditional villages in southwest China.Based on type zoning,this study systematically analyzes the type areas of traditional villages in southwest China.Select typical cases in each district to interpret regional characteristics and analyze their causes.The study shows that the formation of traditional villages in southwest China has obvious regional differences.In comparison,the traditional villages in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan region are more strongly influenced by the natural environment than human factors.The construction of regional villages shows a deep integration with the geographical environment.The traditional villages in Yunchuan region are subject to the dual effects of natural and human factors,which leads to the complex and mixed coexistence of traditional villages in the region.The influence of human factors on traditional villages in Guiyu region has gradually increased.The formation of traditional villages in the region is more the result of ethnic integration.In the Chuanyu region,the influence of human factors on traditional villages dominates.The development of traditional villages shows a high degree of synchronization with the development of regional humanities and history.The study demonstrates that the natural geographic pattern provides a macro-geographical spatial framework for the generation and distribution of traditional villages in southwest China.Human historical activities have caused the development of some traditional villages to break through the spatial boundary constraints of this geographic framework.Eventually it brings about the spatial differentiation of traditional villages.In general,this study draws on the regional zoning ideas of M.R.G.Conzen’s morphological regionalization and tries to establish a set of research methods to classify traditional villages,and to spatially classify and interpret traditional villages in southwest China.The construction and application of this method not only conducted systematic research on traditional villages in southwest China,but also provided a good reference for systematic research on traditional villages in other regions and even across China.The results of this research not only provide a cognitive framework for traditional villages,but also provide an important basis for the regional protection and cluster development planning of traditional villages in the corresponding area.