| Coal cities have made indispensable contributions to the country’s economic prosperity.However,many industries in coal cities are dependent on and serve the coal industry,which leads to a series of “resource curse” problems such as low resource utilization rate,poor environmental carrying capacity,slow economic growth,prominent social contradictions,scattered spatial layout,and poor agglomeration efficiency.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that China’s economy has shifted from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development,and the report of the 20 th National Congress further required high-quality development as the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country in the new era,and how to achieve high-quality development of coal cities and optimize the urban spatial layout has become a long-term and urgent important task in China.Based on the transmission mechanism of the “resource curse” and the characteristics of resources,economy,society,and ecology of coal cities,this paper constructs the evaluation index system for high-quality development of coal cities.The improved entropy method is used to measure high-quality development level of 40 typical coal cities from different perspectives from 2011 to 2020.The Gini coefficient,kernel density estimation,and standard deviation ellipse are used to analyze the spatial disparity,non-equilibrium distribution,and dynamic evolution of high-quality development of coal cities.The agglomeration pattern and convergence trend of high-quality development of coal cities are tested by spatial autocorrelation and convergence models.The obstacle factors and driving factors of high-quality development of coal cities are analyzed by using the obstacle degree model and geographical detector.This paper provides important reference ideas for coal cities to narrow the regional development gap and realize high-quality transition development.The research shows that:(1)The high-quality development level of coal cities shows an increasing trend year by year,and the average annual growth rate shows an “eastern(6.17%)> central(5.21%)> west(4.35%)> northeast(3.68%)” feature.After 2017,the growth rate is more obvious.Economic development(0.111)is at the forefront,followed by social progress(0.094),and ecological security(0.038)and resource security(0.036)are relatively weak.Renewable coal cities are at the leading level,with an average annual growth rate of “Regenerative type(0.347)> Mature type(0.289)> Decline type(0.276)> Growth type(0.263)” characteristics.During the “12th Five-Year Plan”period,Suzhou made the greatest progress and Fuxin declined the most.During the“13th Five-Year Plan” period,Xingtai and Handan made the greatest progress,while Qitai River declined the most.(2)The overall difference in high-quality development level of coal cities showed a decreasing trend in fluctuation.Before and after 2018,the main source of difference changed from super-variable density to inter-regional difference,and the intra-regional difference showed a decreasing trend in the western(0.086),central(0.084),eastern(0.075),and northeast regions(0.046).The differences between the eastern region and the central region,the western region,and the Northeast region showed a trend of decreasing at first and then increasing,while the differences between other regions showed a trend of fluctuating decreasing,among which the differences between the northeast and the west had the largest decreasing amplitude.The imbalance in the eastern region has been improved,the absolute difference in the level of high-quality development in other regions has increased,and the high-quality development in the four regions has an occasional polarization phenomenon.The high-quality development level of coal cities shows a trend of “northeast-to-southwest” on the whole,the center of gravity moves to the south as a whole,the ellipse area shows a shrinking trend,and the agglomeration characteristics appear.The western and northeastern regions show a “northeast-southwest” trend,the center of gravity shifts to the northeast as a whole,and both regions show a gathering trend in the north-south direction.The eastern and central regions show a “northwest-southeast” trend,the eastern center of gravity shifts to the northwest,and the central center shifts to the southeast,and the high-quality development level of the two regions is improved in the east-west direction.(3)From 2018 to 2020,the global spatial autocorrelation index shows an increasing trend year by year,and there is a significant spatial positive correlation,and the local spatial autocorrelation index is mostly distributed in high-high and low-low agglomeration areas.The level of high-quality development shows a σ-convergence trend on the whole,and the degree of dispersion gradually becomes smaller.In addition to the central and western regions,the level of high-quality development has absolute β-convergence,and the eastern region has the fastest convergence rate and positive spillover effect.The overall half-time convergence period is 18.88 years.However,the four regions all show significant conditional β-convergence and the conditional β-convergence rate is significantly greater than the absolute β-convergence rate.There is a significant spatial spillover effect in the eastern region.The overall half-course convergence period is 6.06 years,indicating that the introduction of control variables can effectively promote the β-convergence of high-quality development level of coal cities.The degree of government intervention and human capital has a negative impact on the western region,and the dependence of coal resources has a negative impact on the four regions,which is consistent with the “resource curse” theory.Technological innovation,intensity of material capital investment,degree of opening to the outside world,degree of government intervention and level of human capital have positive effects on other regions.(4)The obstacle degree of the criterion layer is economic development,social progress,ecological security,and resource security in order of average value,and the cumulative obstacle degree of economic development and social progress exceeds 85%.The number of patents granted per 10,000 people,the degree of dependence on foreign trade,the intensity of research and development funds,and per capita GDP are not only important obstacles to high-quality development of coal cities but also key driving factors.The number of patents granted per 10,000 people is the biggest obstacle to high-quality development of coal cities,and the frequency of the top 6 obstacle factors is 100% every year.More than 90% of the two-factor interaction is a double-factor enhancement or nonlinear enhancement.The degree of government intervention is the best interaction factor for high-quality development of coal cities,and the degree of opening to the outside world and the coverage rate of green space in built-up areas are excellent interaction objects.Starting from the basic problems of high-quality development of coal cities,this paper introduces resources and social systems based on traditional economic and environmental system evaluation,enriching the connotation and theoretical system of high-quality development of coal cities.It is easier to find the phenomenon of the“resource curse” in coal cities through comparative studies from different regions,different dimensions,different life cycles,and different stages.Using multi-disciplinary methods such as resource and environmental economics,geography,and spatial econometrics to conduct spatial research on high-quality development of coal cities is helpful to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the high-quality development of coal cities.On this basis,targeted and operable policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of strengthening innovation-driven ability,promoting new patterns of opening up,increase the introduction and training of talents,improving urban public service construction,strengthening ecological environmental protection,improving energy utilization efficiency,and promoting coordinated regional development,etc.,which has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting high-quality development of coal cities.Figure [21] Table [17] Reference [258]... |
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