| The report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that high-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.It is an inevitable choice for China to achieve high-quality development by implementing the concept of green development,promoting carbon reduction,pollution reduction,green expansion,and growth in a coordinated manner.As the core area of urban-rural integration,integration of social development and social security,and industrial structure,the urban agglomeration has become the forefront of green economic development with its strong agglomeration and driving role.However,while urban agglomeration promotes the development of green economy by optimizing its element allocation,spillover of knowledge and technology,and sharing of information equipment through “cluster” development,it also becomes a highly sensitive area with intensified economic,social,and ecological problems due to the high-density aggregation of population and economy.In order to promote the development of green economy,it is imperative to transform traditional manufacturing into intelligent manufacturing and manufacturing into service-oriented.As an important part of the service industry,producer services have the characteristics of high intellectual investment,high aggregation effect,and high radiation range,and become a new engine to improve the quality of green economy development in urban agglomeration.Based on the above background,this study takes 19 urban agglomerations in China as the research object,follows the idea of “setting a problem-breaking a problem-solving a problem”,uses the theoretical framework of new economic geography to build a theoretical model of the impact of producer services agglomeration on the green economy development of urban agglomerations,extends the basic proposition of empirical research from the theoretical model,forms a more complete theoretical analysis framework,and further uses the panel data from 2005 to 2019,scientifically measure the level of producer services agglomeration and green economy development in urban agglomerations,analyze their spatial-temporal evolution characteristics,and conduct empirical tests on this basis.First of all,using the spatial econometric model,combined with the spatial distance decay matrix,this paper tests the spatial effect of producer services agglomeration on the green economy development of urban agglomeration and the boundary range of spillovers.Secondly,the dynamic threshold model is used to test the threshold characteristics of producer services agglomeration affecting the green economy development of urban agglomeration from multiple perspectives,and explore the “optimal scale” of producer services agglomeration promoting the green economy development of urban agglomeration and the “reasonable range” of influencing factors.Finally,the producer service industry is divided into two agglomeration modes,namely specialization and diversification.This paper tests their impact on the green economy development of urban agglomeration to find the “best agglomeration mode” for the producer service industry to improve the green economy development level of urban agglomeration,further exploring in combination with the heterogeneity characteristics such as urban scale and economic development stage.The above research results provide an empirical basis for giving play to the role of producer services agglomeration as a new engine for promoting the green economy development of urban agglomeration.The main research conclusions are as follows:First,the analysis of the characteristics of the agglomeration of producer services in urban agglomerations and the development level of green economy shows that:(1)From 2005 to 2019,the agglomeration of producer services in 19 urban agglomerations in China showed a weak upward trend,but the overall degree of agglomeration was not high;The development of producer services agglomerations among urban agglomerations is unbalanced and insufficient,showing the overall characteristics of“center-periphery” in the spatial structure of urban agglomerations.(2)The overall level of green economy development in urban agglomerations is on the rise,showing the characteristics of national urban agglomerations>regional urban agglomerations>local urban agglomerations “inverted pyramid” decreasing clusters;the spatial evolution of green economy development in urban agglomerations has a trend of agglomeration and continuous development centered on the core big cities.The spatial distribution has a significant difference in orientation,showing an obvious “northeast-southwest”distribution pattern.The development level of green economy in urban agglomeration is characterized by convergence and convergence.The difference in the development level of green economy among cities is gradually narrowing.Cities with a low level of green economy development tend to catch up with cities with a high level of green economy development.Second,the test of the spatial effect of producer services agglomeration on the green economy development of urban agglomeration shows that:(1)producer services agglomeration has significantly improved the green economy development level of urban agglomeration and has a positive spatial spillover effect.Within 800 km,it is a region with a significant spillover effect and reaches its peak at 200 km.(2)Divided into two periods,2005-2013 and 2014-2019,the agglomeration of producer services has promoted the green economy development of urban agglomeration from the previous stage,but not significantly.There are significant differences in the impact of different levels of agglomeration of producer services on the level of green development.National-level urban agglomeration significantly promoted,regional urban agglomeration promoted but not significantly,and regional urban agglomeration showed a negative correlation.The middle and low-end producer services have a restraining effect on the green economy development of urban agglomeration,while the high-end producer services have a promoting effect.(3)The agglomeration of producer services can indirectly improve the green economy development level of urban agglomeration through three channels: expanding economies of scale,promoting technological innovation,and upgrading industrial structure.Among them,economies of scale are the largest,technological innovation is the second,and industrial structure is the smallest.(4)The agglomeration of producer services has significantly promoted the three subsystems of green economic development of urban agglomeration,which has the largest role in promoting economic growth,followed by green ecology,and social equity is the least.Third,the threshold effect test of producer services agglomeration on the green economy development of urban agglomeration shows that:(1)Producer services agglomeration has a dual threshold feature on the green economy development of urban agglomeration.In different threshold intervals,the impact effect changes from insignificant to significant promotion,and then to inhibition.(2)The impact of producer services agglomeration on the green economic development of urban agglomerations has the characteristics of a single threshold when the input level of human capital and scientific research inputs are used as the threshold,which is generally shown as a promotion role.When the threshold value is crossed,it is significantly promoted.(3)Government intervention has a single threshold characteristic on the impact of producer services agglomeration on the green economy development of urban agglomeration.Appropriate government intervention can promote the agglomeration of producer services,while excessive government intervention can inhibit it.(4)The impact of opening to the outside world on the agglomeration of producer services on the development of green economy has the characteristics of a single threshold,and the impact effect has changed from insignificant to significant,indicating that the agglomeration of producer services can promote the development of green economy in urban agglomeration only after the level of opening to the outside world reaches a certain level.Fourth,the analysis results of the mode selection of producer services to promote the green economy development of urban agglomeration show that:(1)both the specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration of producer services can significantly promote the green economy development level of urban agglomeration,but the promotion effect of diversified agglomeration is stronger than that of specialized agglomeration.(2)The spatial spillover effect shows that specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration have positive externalities that will radiate and drive surrounding cities,and the radiation effect of diversified agglomeration is stronger than that of specialized agglomeration.The spatial spillover effect of specialized agglomeration on the green economy development of adjacent cities is only in the range of 0-100 km.The diversified agglomeration mode shows a positive spillover effect on the green economy development level of adjacent cities in the range of 0-1000 km.The spillover effect reaches its peak at 350 km.(4)the heterogeneity analysis shows that when the city is in the urbanization stage,the diversified agglomeration mode is conducive to improving the level of green economy development.When the city is in the industrialization stage,the specialized agglomeration is conducive to green economy development.The result shows that as China’s cities gradually move from the industrialization stage to the urbanization stage,the urban producer service industry agglomeration mode also changes from specialization to diversification.(5)The two modes of specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration have different mechanisms to improve the green economy development level of urban agglomerations.The services provided by specialization are relatively simple,mainly through economies of scale to improve the green economy development level,while the diversified agglomeration provides diversified services,mainly through technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading to improve the green economy development level.In general,the influence coefficients of diversified agglomeration are greater than those of specialized agglomeration.Based on the above conclusions,the following policy recommendations are proposed: First,give full play to the spatial advantages of urban agglomeration,reasonably arrange the development layout of producer services,and promote the integrated development of green economy in urban agglomeration.Second,increase support for producer services,and use the scale effect,technological innovation effect,and industrial structure upgrading effect brought by the agglomeration of producer services to promote the green economy development level of urban agglomeration and neighboring cities.Third,determine the “optimal scale” of the cluster development of producer services,and seek a reasonable range of factors such as factor input,government intervention,and the level of opening up.Fourth,realize the coupling of urban heterogeneity and agglomeration mode,and build a pattern of division and cooperation of productive service industry agglomeration mode with comparative advantages within the urban agglomeration. |
PDF Full Text Request