| The emergence of competition among economic entities,the stimulation of market vitality and the improvement of economic environment caused by Economic Reform and open up have promoted the rapid growth of China’s export trade for more than 40 years.However,due to the low technical complexity of China’s export products and less domestic value content,China’s position in the global value chain is not high for a long time.The development of low-quality export trade has also led to the deterioration of the regional ecological environment.In order to improve the international competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry and promote China’s transformation from a large manufacturing country to a powerful manufacturing country,the implementation of the made in China 2025 national action program guided by the green development and sustainable development of China’s manufacturing industry has raised the understanding of the balanced development relationship between high-quality environment and high-quality trade to a new height.Under this background,environmental governance has become an important mean to improve the traditional extensive economic development mode,improve the efficiency of resource utilization and achieve the goal of green development.Meanwhile,the refinement of international division of labor and the global flow of intermediate value make the expansion of China’s export trade cover up the real trade profit level of China’s export.In view of this,this paper takes the export domestic value-added rate of Chinese manufacturing enterprises as the research object,focusing on the impact of environmental governance on the real trade gains of Chinese manufacturing exports and the analysis of the transmission mechanism to provide a useful reference for the realization and path exploration of the balance between high-quality environment and high-quality trade.The exploration of the relationship between environmental regulation and the export domestic value-added rate of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is essentially equivalent to the exploration of the relationship between high-quality development of environment and high-quality development of trade.In order to accurately grasp the core relationship between the two,this paper first makes a theoretical analysis on the balance of the relationship between high-quality environment and high-quality trade from the perspective of the unity of their quantitative development,the unity of quality development and the transformation of development mode,and further analyzes the impact mechanism of the realization way of the balance relationship between those two from the perspective of enterprises,markets and governments.Second,on the basis of theoretical analysis,this paper empirically tests the relationship between environmental regulation and domestic value-added rate of enterprise export and its transmission mechanism by constructing fixed effect model,intermediary effect model and threshold regression model,and tries to scientifically evaluate and accurately grasp the real relationship between high-quality environment and high-quality trade in China.Finally,combined with the theoretical and empirical analysis results,this paper puts forward policy suggestions to better balance the relationship between high-quality environment and high-quality trade development.China has relied on its low price advantage to participate in international competition for a long time.Environmental governance is bound to have an impact on the cost of enterprises,thus weakening China’s competitive advantage,which may lead to the "paradox" of the relationship between environmental regulation and high-quality trade development.However,this paper finds that there is a possibility of coordinated development between high environmental quality and high trade quality.The key to breaking the "zero-sum game" relationship between them lies in the action adjustment and active participation of multiple economic subjects.Specifically: first of all,environmental regulation can significantly improve the domestic value-added rate of Chinese manufacturing enterprises’ exports.Through the stimulation of enterprise technological innovation,it can improve the level of enterprise productivity,save resource factor investment and offset production costs,which will help to promote the realization of the positive relationship between environmental governance and the real trade benefits of China’s exports.The impact of environmental regulation on enterprises is bound to be affected by market changes.By improving the mode of social development and increasing the level of productivity,it will stimulate the increase in the number,types and quality of domestic intermediates.The expansion of domestic intermediates market is conducive to accelerating the realization of the "substitution effect" of domestic intermediates on imported intermediates to achieve a "win-win" situation of environmental benefits and trade benefits.Environmental regulation can increase the government’s attention to environmental protection,increase the government’s investment in regional environmental governance and subsidies for clean development of enterprises.The increase of government’s green investment in regions and enterprises apportions some pollution control costs for enterprises,accelerate the process of green development of enterprises,and achieve the dual goals of clean development and innovative development,and then promoted the realization of the balance between high-quality environment and high-quality trade.Second,from the specific results of the impact mechanism,environmental regulation mainly improves the domestic value-added rate of export by stimulating enterprise dependent technological innovation.From the perspective of market changes,expansion of technology domestic intermediate market plays an important role in the realization of the positive relationship between environmental regulation and domestic value-added rate of enterprise export.From the perspective of the government,with the increase of government green subsidies to enterprises,effect of environmental regulation on the improvement of domestic value-added rate of enterprises’ exports is more positive in the long term.Third,this article presents the characteristics of the current situation of environmental governance and domestic value-added rate of manufacturing export,and forecasts its development trend.Environmental governance showed a fluctuating upward trend from2000 to 2014.Among them,the level of environmental governance in the eastern region was the highest,and the environmental situation in the western region was the most vulnerable.According to the prediction of environmental governance development from 2015 to 2021,China’s overall environmental governance level is still on the rise,but the attention of the western region to the environment has been significantly improved,surpassing the eastern region and other regions in the same period.The domestic value-added rate of China’s exports has increased from 2000 to 2013,and this result remains unchanged in the forecast from 2014 to 2021.Among them,the export domestic value-added rate of the eastern and central regions has always led other regions.In addition,the current relationship between environmental regulation and export domestic value-added rate shows a relatively consistent development trend.Finally,the empirical test shows that environmental regulation can stimulate the technological innovation of enterprises,the expansion of domestic market and the increase of government green capital investment to promote the improvement of China’s real export trade profits.The conclusion of this paper reveals the relationship between environmental regulation and China’s export real trade gains,discusses and explains in detail the different ways to promote the realization of the coordination relationship between them,and scientifically solves the "paradox" of the balanced development of high-quality environment and high-quality trade.The main marginal contributions of this paper include:(1)taking the export domestic value-added rate of Chinese manufacturing enterprises as the research object,this paper deeply discusses the effect of the implementation of macro environmental regulation measures on micro enterprises,especially the real trade gains of enterprises,so as to provide micro evidence support for correcting the overestimation of the impact of environmental regulation on China’s trade and scientifically evaluating the relationship between them.(2)This paper deeply analyzes the core relationship between the unified development of high-quality environment and high-quality trade from the theoretical level,and expounds the internal ways to realize the balanced development of highquality environment and high-quality trade from different economic interest subjects.(3)On the basis of theoretical analysis,through the construction of fixed effect model,intermediary effect model and threshold regression model,this paper makes empirical tests from the three dimensions of enterprise,market and government,and deeply excavates the action results and selection logic of enterprise,market and government under the adjustment of different types of behavior.It provides a path reference for breaking the "paradox" of environmental regulation and high-quality trade. |
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