High Value Utilization Of Cinnamomum Camphora Seed: Physiological Effects And Mechanism Of Cinnamomum Camphora Seed Kernel Oil

At present,our country’s Cinnamomum camphora seeds(CCS)are in a state where no one collects and uses them,scattered around and polluting the environment.In order to effectively reduce environmental pollution caused by the fall of camphor seeds,camphor seeds can be used as biological resources.Earlier experimental results showed that the oil content of Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel(CCSK)is more than 58%and the Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil(CCSKO)is a natural medium-chain oil resource containing caprylic acid,capric acid and lauric acid in my country.we only studied its effect on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body,and did not study the effect and mechanism of CCSKO on improving glucose and lipid metabolism from the perspective of the interaction of different medium-chain fatty acids and different metabolic pathways.However,the prescribed carbon chain length range of these three fatty acids is different.And the effects of lauric triglyceride(LT)on lipid metabolism have not been reported.In addition,studies have shown that different caprylic acid and capric acid have different effects on lipid metabolism in obese mice.It is still unknown whether there are differences in the anti-obesity effects of different medium chain fatty acids on obese animals.In this stuy,caprylic acid triglyceride(CYT),capric acid triglyceride(CT)and lauric acid triglyceride(LT)were synthesized with lauric acid and glycerin according to the patent of US 9.447,016 B2,and the water-enzymatic method was used to prepare Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil.The rats were feed with high fat diet to induce obesity,and the effects and mechanism of MCT and CCSKO on improving glucose and lipid metabolism were studied.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)The purity of CYT,CT and LT after synthesis and purification are 98.20%,98.78%,and 99.52%,respectively;The body weight and obesity-related fat index,BMI and Lee’s index of obese rats were significantly lower than those in the HF group.And the effect of MCT on improving the weight and other related indicators were proportional to the dose of CYT,CT and LT.In addition,its effect on improving the obesity phenotype of obese rats is proportional to the carbon chain length of mediumcarbon chain fatty acids.Medium chain triglycerides and CCSKO can reduce the blood and liver TG levels in obese rats to varying degrees,and the reduction effect is proportional to the medium chain dose,however there is no significant difference between the CYT,CT and LT groups.Except for the LT,the CT and CYT reduced the blood TC,LDL-c levels and the ratio of LDL-c/HDL-c in obese rats.Interestingly,high-dose LT significantly increased blood TC and LDL-c levels in obese rats and this suggests that high-dose lauric acid may aggravate cholesterol metabolism in obese rats.In addition,CYT,CT and LT can all reduce liver lipid deposition in obese rats,(2)When compared with the HF group,CYT,CT,LT and CCSKO can significantly reduce the expression of genes and proteins related to lipogenesis in the liver and adipose tissue of obese rats to reduce the deposition of lipids in these tissues;CYT,CT and LT also increased the expression of genes and proteins related to lipolysis and β-oxidation in the liver and adipose tissue of obese rats.In addition,the effect of medium carbon chain triglycerides on improving triglyceride metabolism in obese rats is proportional to the length of the fatty acid carbon chain.(3)CYT,CT,LT and CCSKO can increase the expression proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism in the liver of obese rats.Unfortunately,LT significantly increased the expression of PCSK 9,resulting in accelerated degradation of LDLR,thus reducing the transport of VLDL and LDL to the liver.Together with the increased expression of NPC1L1 protein,LT impaired the uptake of very low density lipoprotein(VLDL)/LDL by the liver and increased the reabsorption of sterols,leading to an increase in the levels of TC and LDL-c in obese rats.Comparing the protein expression levels related to cholesterol metabolism among the groups,it can be found that the effect of MCT on improving cholesterol metabolism in obese rats is inversely proportional to the carbon chain length of medium carbon chain fatty acids.(4)MCT can activate the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling in the liver and improve insulin resistance in obese rats.CT and LT also increased the expression of GYS protein in the liver of obese rats,and increased the synthesis of liver glycogen;CT reduced the expression of G6 PC protein and reduced gluconeogenesis.(5)Both of the CYT,CT,LT and CCSKO can promote secretion of neurotrophic factors in the adipose tissue,thereby restoring the sympathetic innervation of i BAT,e WAT and i WAT.NE activates β3-AR and triggered a series of cascade reactions,which promoting the thermogenesis and lipolysis in the obese rats.Furthermore,we had found that the degree of browning or beige of adipose tissue was positively correlated with the length of carbon chain skeleton of medium carbon chain fatty acids.(6)MCT significantly changed the structure and abundance of the intestinal flora of obese rats.Compared with the high-fat group,the medium chain triglycerides reduced the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora.It may reduce the abundance of bacteria related to energy metabolism in the intestine of obese rats,thereby reducing energy harvest.In addition,the abundance of Akkermnsia flora in the CT group was significantly increased,which can strengthen the intestinal barrier and reduce inflammation.This suggests that this flora is the key flora for the CT group to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats.