Effects And Mechanisms Of Cinnamomum Camphora Seed Kernel Oil On Improving Lipid Metabolic Disorders In Obesity Rats

Literatures reported that medium-chain triglycerides(MCT) have particular physiological and biological characteristics in body weight controlling, sugar and lipid-decreasing, rapid energy supplying and so on. Cinnamomum camphora was high oil containing plant and the oil percent in seed up to 50%. The main component in cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil(CCSKO) was MCT and the content up to 90%, with high nutritional and medicinal values.In present study, The CCSKO were obtained through water extraction, chemical refining from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel, the physicochemical property and characteristics of positional fatty acids compositon were analyzed by national quality standards. On these bases, the CCSKO were subjected for animal study in this research. The effect of CCSKO in reducing body fat accumulation and improving blood lipids in healthy rats compared with lard and soybean oil(SO) by gavage were investigated; then make the model of high-fat diet induced obesity rats, estimated the effect of CCSKO on body fat, blood and liver lipis, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance(IR). In order to illustrate the possible underlying mechanism on CCSKO improving lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat diet induced obesity rats, the expression or activity of enzymes, cytokines related to lipid metabolism were determined by using real time-PCR and western blot methods.The main research conclusions in this dissertation are summarized as follows:1. Cinnamomum camphora is high oil containing plant and the crude oil content in seeds is 58.02±0.015%. The infrared sepctrum analysis showed that the CCSKO with the inherent absorption peak of oil. The refined CCSKO with high organoleptic qualities and storage stability, and the physicochemical properties such as acid value, peroxide value and unsaponifiable matter were generally complied with the national quality standard about edible vegetable oils. The gas chromatography(GC) analysis indicated that the main fatty acids in CCSKO was saturated medium-chain fatty acids, and its content up to 90%, including capric acid(C10:0, 51.49%) and lauric acid(C12:0, 40.08%), which showed that CCSKO belongs to natural MCT and appropriate as functional oil due its specific physiological funtions.2. CCSKO could control body fat deposition and body weight in healty rats. Compared with lard and soybean oil, the body weight in CCSKO group decreased 12.16% and 11.39%, the body weight gain reduced 20.97% and 19.84%, and the fat coefficient lower 39.66% and 32.45%. Meanwhile, CCSKO could also improve blood lipids through reducing the levels of TG, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C. CCSKO not only no injure for organism, but also never cause hepatic steatosis.3. CCSKO could reduce body fat deposition and body weight in obesity rats obviously. Compared with lard and soybean oil, the body weight in CCSKO group decreased 4.33% and 5.22%, BMI reduced 6.60% and 7.43%, and the fat coefficient lower 26.52 % and 30.35%. CCSKO also could ameliorate lipid disturbance by increasing blood TG, TC levels. CCKSO could decrease fat accumulation in liver, protect liver cells and prevent hepatocellular injury in obesity rats through reducing liver TG, TC levels and serum GOT, GPT levels. Main organ index and histopathology analysis showed that CCSKO could reduce fat accumulation in liver, prevent fat degeneration in liver cells and repair liver injury. These results indicated that CCSKO could decrease fat accumulation in adipose tissue, reduce the body weight, improve blood and liver lipids level and promote lipid metabolic disorders in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.4. Compared with normal control group, the activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT increased 24.65%, 13.96% and 27.69% separately. Meanwhile, compared with lard and soybean oil groups, the activity of T-AOC in CCSKO group increased 30.40% and 29.03%, concentration of SOD increased 9.69% and 14.95%, level of CAT increased 58.74% and 55.40%, and MDA reduced 26.08% and 26.68%. The level of NE in CCSKO group were significantly high than other groups. All these results showed that CCSKO has strong anti-oxidativeactivity. It could protect activities of antioxidant enzymes in organism, remove free radicals effectively, maintain the balance of oxidation and antioxidant system, alleviate lipid peroxidation, cut down the content of MDA through enzymatic antioxidant system, leading to improve oxidative stress, resist cell aging and organism damage. Meanwhile, serum levels of FFA and TNF-α in CCSKO group were significantly lower than lard and soybean oil group, the HOMA-IR was lowest and the ISI was highest in CCSKO group than other gourps. Results showed that CCSKO could increase insulin sensitivity through decreaing serum levels of FFA and TNF-α, and further improve dyslipidemia and lipid metabolic disorders.5. The underlying mechanism of CCSKO improve lipid metabolic disorder in high-fat diet induced obesity rats include several aspects as follows:1) CCSKO could accelerate the decomposition of fat and reduce blood lipids level through up-regulating the expression level of HSLand LPL. At the same time, it also could suppress fatty acid synthesis and reduce body fat accumulation by down-regulating the expression level of FAS and ACC. All those changes lead to CCSKO could reduce abdominal fat accumulation, lower weight, adjust blood lipids level and improve lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.2)CCSKO could promote the expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissuce, and thus activated antioxidant enzyme system, up-regulated the expression of APN and Leptin, meanwhile down-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB, at last leaded to improving lipid metabolism disorders.3) CCSKO could increase the activities of sympathetic nervous system, and thus increased release of the NE, which activated the expression of β3-AR, and leaded to triggering a series of biochemical cascade reaction which mediated by lipid mobilization-related enzyme. These could increase body’s heat production and lipid mobilization, and contribute to enhance lipolysis, reduce fat accumulation, lose weight and improve lipid metabolism disorders.