A Study Of Moral Cognition Based On Neuroscience

Humans have never stopped thinking about where an individual’s moral cognition comes from and how the specific cognitive process manifests itself.With the development of cognitive science and moral psychology,the thinking about moral cognition gradually shifted from purely discursive to psychological perspective,and at this stage,the performance of moral cognition was considered to be related to the individual level of human This stage considers that the performance of moral cognition is related to the level of human psychological cognition at the individual level.Since the 21 st century,with the emergence of noninvasive neuroscience techniques for the brain,researchers no longer rely only on thought experiments and armchair approaches to examine moral cognition issues,but through empirical studies of the brains of brain-injured patients and with the help of neuroscience techniques to explore the activation of different regions of the brain and the causal links of neuropsychological mechanisms when individuals make moral judgments,adhering to a naturalistic perspective and attempting to build a bridge between scientific The aim is to build a bridge between scientific facts and philosophical theories.Based on the frontier advances in neuroscience,which provide innate explanations for the origin of moral cognition,and because moral cognition has a neurobiological basis,empirical studies in neuroscience describe the important constituent processes of moral cognition in a more realistic and concrete way,and the normative significance of empirical experience is also highlighted in the process of deepening the understanding of moral cognition and modifying theories.The neuroscience paradigm has broadened the research field of moral cognition,deepened the understanding of moral cognition,and is an important driving force for the naturalization process of moral research.This paper consists of an introduction,five chapters and concluding remarks in a total of seven parts,with the main research components being:In the first chapter,the introductory section,introduces the background of neuroscience intervention in moral cognition research and the current state of research at home and abroad,explains the ideas and main contents of the thesis,sorts out the logical connections between chapters,and at the same time,gives a description of the innovations,application values and shortcomings of the paper.In the second chapter,several types of traditional perspectives on moral cognition that have played an important role in historical contexts are introduced,and it is pointed out that in the current trend of the prevalence of neuroscientific naturalistic epistemology,there is a gap between the historical purely theoretical approach to moral cognition and the intrinsic meaning of morality taking into account both norms and practices,the armchair ethical research paradigm is increasingly showing explanatory fatigue in contemporary times,and the neuroscientific research paradigm is gradually gaining importance as a new epistemological tool.In the third chapter,an explanation for the origin of moral cognition is given through empirical studies in the fields of neuroscience and evolutionary biology.It first outlines the innate versus acquired debate on moral cognition,finding the origins and neural mechanisms of human morality,and using neuroscientific evidence capable of reconstructing the origins of human moral behavior and cognitive abilities.Analogous to the research paradigm of generative linguistics,a research approach to moral competence innatism is proposed in terms of a functional explanation of moral cognition.Competence innatism is an evolutionary adaptation of moral cognition that integrates the influence of innate and acquired factors,provides a theoretical explanation of the interaction between innate and acquired factors,and lays the foundation for neuroscience to delve into moral research and explore the neuropsychological mechanisms of moral cognition using a naturalistic epistemological perspective.In the fourth chapter,empirical research from neuroscience is used to describe which brain and mental faculties are structured in a way that allows us to behave morally and to elucidate the neural processes and different psychological mechanisms of moral cognition.The neural mechanisms of moral cognition are depicted specifically in three main areas:moral cognition of rationality,moral cognition of emotions,and moral cognition of social interactions.At the same time,the description of moral cognition by empirical research indirectly contributes to the development of ethical theory,demonstrating that empirical empirical research also has normative and philosophical implications.In the fifth chapter,the constructed integrated brain mechanism model to provide an explanation for the occurrence of moral cognition and by analyzing how the mechanisms of action and influences of different theoretical models lead to the transmutation of moral cognitive views.The moral cognitive view has undergone the developmental dynamics of heuristic,intuitionist,rationalist,emotionalist,dual-processing,and composite model progressions,mainly examining the frameworks of cognitive developmental theory,social intuition theory,trinity moral theory,dual-processing theory,and event-featured emotional composite model constructed by researchers under these cognitive views,and finding out the transmutation of cognitive views by analyzing the content and characteristics of each framework The main reasons for the transitions in cognitive perspectives are attributed to the increasing understanding of theories due to advances in technology,and more empirical data pointing to a better theoretical framework.In the sixth chapter,which deals with the implications of empirical research in neuroscience for philosophical normativity and philosophical reflections on naturalistic moral cognition research,the main focus is on the normativity of empirical research,the applicability of the concepts of free will and moral responsibility in metaethics to the neuroscientific paradigm,and the debate between intrinsicism and extrinsicism in motivating moral judgments.The neuroscience research paradigm has a factual and normative gap with moral philosophy,but can indirectly help with normative issues.Free will and moral responsibility also have new theoretical connotations in the epistemological perspective of neuroscientific naturalism,and scientific empirical and philosophical theories interact to promote the development of the theory.Empirical studies of the psychological processes of moral cognition provide empirical explanations for the philosophical sources of motivation for moral judgment,and the paradigm of neuroscience is more supportive of motivational externalism.In the seventh chapter,the concluding section focuses on pointing out the strengths and theoretical implications of naturalistic social science research and,after an empirical description,functional explanation,and philosophical reflection on the neuroscientific paradigm,presents a vision toward a moderate naturalistic view of understanding.