Comprehensive Ecological Stress Evaluation Of Typical Marine-related Human Activities On Marine Environment

Increasingly frequent marine-related human activities have been seriously restricting the sustainable development of coastal economy,and posing great challenges to marine ecological protection and coastal management.Yet existing researches on the relationship between human activities and marine environment generally focus on the evaluation of current marine eco-environmental state,but fail to reveal the generation process of anthropogenic impact on marine eco-environment.Therefore,it is necessary to establish an evaluation model framework to assess marine ecological impact caused by human activities based on the interaction relation between human activities and marine environment,so as to better guide marine utilization management and adjust marine protection policy.As the largest inland sea and important marine economic zone in China,Bohai Sea is an ideal area for carrying out comprehensive assessment of marine ecological environment stress,due to its multiple human-related activities,frequent marine ecological environment problems and numerous marine management optimization measures.Taking the Bohai Sea and its adjacent areas as the study area,the comprehensive technology method to evaluate spatial-temporal characteristics of various marine utilization activities and maritime vessel activities as well as their eco-environmental stress was carried out based on multi-source data,including satellite remote sensing image,marine utilization declaration data and automatic ship identification system(AIS)data,by taking the perspective of human-marine interaction,which provides support for policymakers in the management of regional marine-related human activity and restoration of marine ecosystems.The main conclusions were as follows:(1)Marine-related human activities were complex and diverse in the study area,and meanwhile developed rapidly.Furthermore,mariculture occupied relatively more sea space,together with the highest frequency of cargo vessels and oil tankers activities,so that it was difficult to manage marine utilization activities.(2)Waters around Tianjin Port and Caofeidian Port were under the most severe stress;the south of Tianjin Port and waters around Changxing Island Port were the areas where the marine utilization stress increased significantly;vessel activities in the public route area from Tianjin Port to Laotieshan Waterway were complex,so as to be continuous severe VES;(3)The future marine environment management should focus on salinity regime changes,non-oil pollution and biological resource grabbing caused by mariculture,port and recreation,as well as light pollution,hydrodynamic interaction and noise pollution caused by cargo vessels,oil tankers and fishing vessels in the study area.(4)The supervision of vessel activities,within important marine ecological areas where have low pollution but high sensitivity,needs to be forced.Moreover,it is suggested to improve the marine hydrodynamic environment and ecosystem stability by ecological restoration measures,such as returning culture ponds back into marine,releasing artificial reefs.The innovations were as follows:(1)This study constructed the spatial quantitative evaluation model of marine eco-environmental stress to realize the interaction research between human activity and marine space,especially in the assessment of maritime vessel activities stress.(2)This method could be used to judge the implementation effect of marine space management measures and identify management priority,which aims to explore a new technical approach for regional marine environment management and planning.(3)Massive automatic ship identification system data were applied in the regional spatial-temporal characteristics evaluation of maritime vessel activities and eco-environmental stress,meanwhile,greatly extending applied realms of automatic ship identification system data mining.