| Since the middle of the 20th century,with the gradual intensification of the trend of"deindustrialization" in the United States and other developed countries,there have been frequent views and remarks about the influence and status of manufacturing industry in the national economy.It is believed that the development of manufacturing industry is no longer the only way to achieve economic prosperity.There are also many economists who believe that the statement that "manufacturing is no longer important" is quite misleading and even completely nonsense.In fact,since the 21st century,the United States,Germany,Japan and other developed countries have persisted in implementing manufacturing development strategies such as reviving the manufacturing industry,the return of the manufacturing industry,and industry 4.0,which strongly contradicts the importance of the manufacturing industry to the national development.While the developed countries are developing the manufacturing industry,developing countries,including China,have also made great efforts to improve their manufacturing development capacity,although there is still a big gap in the improvement of quality and the transformation of traditional industrial bases.but it still achieved obvious and great results.As the largest country in the world,the United States has completed the transition from a small manufacturing country to a big manufacturing country through a historical process of more than 200 years,and has successfully become the first powerful country in the world.The history of its manufacturing industry is extremely representative in the world.The development of American manufacturing industry has experienced ups and downs,and its development trajectory and the characteristics and experience of the transformation of the traditional industrial base "rust belt" are of great reference value for the development of manufacturing industry in China and even other countries.Based on this,this paper first summarizes the relevant theories of manufacturing development,and puts forward the innovation ecological theory system.Then,it proves the important role of innovation ecosystem to the manufacturing industry from empirical and case studies,and explains how to build a good innovation ecosystem.Finally,combined with the economic foundation of China and the realistic situation of the development of manufacturing industry in China,the author dialectically sums up the enlightenment of the development of American manufacturing industry and forms the corresponding knowledge supply.in order to provide some theoretical support for the development of China's manufacturing industry and the transformation of the old industrial base in the new era.In order to study the above problems,this paper mainly follows the following research ideas:First,sort out the economic growth theory,industrial structure theory,international industrial transfer theory,Porter competition theory,and explore the theories that affect the rise and fall of the manufacturing industry in an all-round way.Then,according to the problems studied in this paper,combined with the theory of innovation ecosystem in management,the paper puts forward the theory of innovation ecosystem based on the development of manufacturing industry from the meso-level;second,starting from the theory of innovation ecosystem,analyze its important significance to the development of manufacturing industry at the theoretical level;third,focus on the historical status and role of American manufacturing industry,and speculate on the theory of "manufacturing uselessness".Further describe the rise and fall process and basic characteristics of the American manufacturing industry;fourth,based on the empirical analysis of the American manufacturing industry and the case study of the American "rust belt" economic zone,verify the theoretical framework of this paper,and summarize the influencing factors and development experience.Fifth,use Chinese data to explore the impact of innovation ecosystem on the development of China's manufacturing industry,and form a beneficial enlightenment to the development of China's manufacturing industry and the transformation of the old industrial base.The research content of this paper includes the following eight parts:Chapter 1 is the introduction.Starting from the classic academic issue of the development and transfer of the manufacturing industry,this paper leads to the development of the American manufacturing industry,and focuses on the historical status and role of the American manufacturing industry.Specifically,this part mainly introduces the background,theoretical and practical significance of this study,and clarifies the research ideas,demonstration methods,research content,research context,innovation and deficiencies.Chapter 2 is the part of literature review.Sort out the relevant theories of manufacturing development,and summarize the influencing factors of manufacturing development.According to the problems studied in this paper,combined with the theory of innovation ecosystem in management,this paper puts forward the innovation ecosystem theory based on the development of manufacturing industry with scientific and technological research and development,human capital and government policy as the core.Chapter 3 is the part of theoretical analysis.From the perspective of innovation ecosystem,this paper explores the important role of innovation ecosystem on the development of manufacturing industry at the theoretical level.This paper studies the rise and fall of American manufacturing industry from four aspects:technological progress,strategic opportunity,government support and market management innovation.The results show that the US government attaches great importance to the cultivation of the development of the manufacturing industry,and always supports it in terms of capital and technology,and market innovation is particularly important to the development of the manufacturing industry.This proves that the scientific and technological innovation of the manufacturing industry is inseparable from the strong support of the government and the continuous innovation of the market,that is to say,a good innovation ecosystem is inseparable from the joint role of the government and the market.Chapter 4 is a review of the development of American manufacturing industry.The purpose of this chapter is to examine the rise and fall of American manufacturing industry and to explore the role of different influencing factors in different periods.From a historical perspective,this paper reviews the development of American manufacturing industry,as far away as the period of rapid development during the Civil War,the period of rapid development after the end of World War ?,and the period of slow transformation and growth in the 1970s.Nearly to the 21st century manufacturing industry return,advanced manufacturing development period.By reviewing and re-combing the process of the rise and fall of the American manufacturing industry,this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the development of the modern manufacturing industry,and reveals the question of whether the American manufacturing industry is really declining.Chapter 5 is the empirical part of innovation ecosystem and the development of American manufacturing industry.Using the relevant data of American manufacturing industry,this paper examines the impact of innovation ecosystem on American manufacturing industry.It is found that the R?D investment of enterprises has a very significant positive impact on the development of manufacturing industry,and the improvement of regional human capital has a significant positive effect on the growth rate of regional manufacturing output value.the government's preferential tax policies can effectively increase the total output value of the regional manufacturing industry;good innovation ecosystem plays an important role in promoting the development of the regional manufacturing industry.Chapter 6 is the micro-experience analysis of the transformation and development of American manufacturing industry.Taking the transformation and development of Pittsburgh and Massachusetts as examples,this chapter analyzes the key impact of innovation ecosystem in the transformation process of old industrial areas in the United States.Research shows that the successful transformation of both Pittsburgh and Massachusetts is closely related to scientific and technological research and development and government support.In particular,the two transition areas attach great importance to the intellectual resources of scientific and technological research and development,and they make full use of the scientific research strength of colleges and universities in the region to form platforms such as school-enterprise cooperation,scientific and technological research and development,and industrial transformation.promote the development of emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries,innovation ecosystem constitutes the key core of the transformation and development of case study samples,and plays an all-round role in promoting the development of manufacturing industry.It is of great significance to understand the mechanism of innovation ecosystem on the development of American manufacturing industry.Chapter 7 is the enlightenment of the impact of innovation ecosystem on China's manufacturing industry.This chapter uses Chinese data to empirically explore the impact of innovation ecosystem on the development of China's manufacturing industry,and finds that scientific and technological research and development of enterprises can promote the development of manufacturing enterprises,and the impact on state-owned enterprises is more obvious;human capital has an obvious positive effect on the development of manufacturing enterprises,and has a stronger impact on state-owned enterprises.The government tax policy can also significantly promote the development of the manufacturing industry,that is,the higher the tax rate,the higher the income of manufacturing enterprises,and the more negative impact of the tax rate on non-state-owned enterprises.Chapter 8 is the conclusion and enlightenment of the research.This part summarizes the influence of the innovative ecological theory on the development of the manufacturing industry,provides a mirror for the development of China's manufacturing industry and the transformation and upgrading of the old industrial base,and forms a useful enlightenment.starting from the aspects of scientific and technological innovation,intellectual resources,government guidance,institutional environment construction and so on,to provide help to fundamentally solve the problems faced by the development of China's manufacturing industry.Through theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,the paper draws the following comclusions:First of all,American manufacturing is not really lagging behind.The labor productivity of the manufacturing industry is the core index to judge the development and decline of the manufacturing industry.From the perspective of labor productivity indicators,the development level of the manufacturing industry in the United States is still in the forefront of the world.From the perspective of industrial structure,the American manufacturing industry has undergone transformation and upgrading according to the world situation and its own development characteristics,changing from labor-and resource-intensive to capital-intensive,knowledge-and technology-intensive,and resource-intensive,gradually becoming more refined and complicated.and in artificial intelligence,electronic chips and other high-tech industries to maintain the world's leading position.At the same time,great changes have taken place in the industrial layout of the American manufacturing industry,and its center has gradually shifted to Asia.Secondly,the ecology of innovation also plays an important role in the development of American manufacturing industry.In terms of scientific and technological research and development,after controlling a series of control variables,annual fixed effects and individual fixed effects,R?D investment has a very significant positive impact on the business income of manufacturing enterprises;in terms of human capital,the level of human capital in the region has a significant growth effect on the output value of the manufacturing industry;in terms of government taxation,the government's tax preference can effectively improve the total output value of the regional manufacturing industry.Finally,through the method of principal component analysis to construct innovation ecological indicators,explore the impact of innovation ecosystem on the development of the manufacturing industry,and find that a good innovation ecosystem will significantly promote the development of the manufacturing industry.Thirdly,innovation ecosystem also plays an important role in the development of China's manufacturing industry.Scientific and technological research and development of enterprises can promote the development of manufacturing enterprises,and the impact on state-owned enterprises is more obvious;human capital has an obvious positive effect on the development of manufacturing enterprises,and has a stronger impact on state-owned enterprises.Government tax policy can also significantly promote the development of manufacturing enterprises,that is,the higher the tax rate,the higher the income of manufacturing enterprises,and non-state-owned enterprises are more negatively affected by the tax rate.Finally,the enlightenment of innovation ecosystem to the development of China's manufacturing industry and the transformation of traditional industrial areas.A good innovation ecosystem is conducive to promoting the development of China's manufacturing industry,so we should learn from the experience of the development of American manufacturing industry,combined with the current stage of economic development in China,and build an innovation ecosystem in line with our national conditions.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:first,through the systematic integration of the development process of the American manufacturing industry,this paper discriminates the realistic question of whether the American manufacturing industry is really heading for recession.Secondly,on the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of the development of American manufacturing industry,this paper puts forward the theory of innovation ecosystem based on manufacturing industry,which enriches the research in related fields.Third,through empirical research,on the basis of further analysis of the transformation cases of American "rust belt" economic zone,this paper makes a deeper discussion on the impact of innovation ecosystem on the transformation and development of American "rust belt"economic zone.Fourth,based on the theory of innovation ecosystem used in this paper,using Chinese samples,this paper empirically explores the impact of innovation ecosystem on the development of China's manufacturing industry.Due to incomplete data at the state level in the United States,the extensibility of empirical results is affected,and future research is expected to make breakthroughs. |
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