| Innovation is the main driving force and inexhaustible source of economic development.With the deepening of research,the focus of scholars gradually shifted from innovation competence to innovation efficiency.The relevant research shows that there is still a gap between the efficiency of science,technology and innvoation(STI)of China and the developed countries.From the micro point,the efficiency of STI needs to be improved.Scholars did a lot of work on the innovation efficiency of the innovation subject.From the point of subjects,scholars mainly focus on the efficiency of STI of enterprises,universities and R&D institutions.However,innovation is a multi-agent participation process along the innovation value chain,and is the result of the multitple innovation subjects.The research of STI efficiency of single innovation subject is weak in explaining the overall innovation efficiency of multi-subject participation,and can not find the weak links of innovation subject s and innovation value chain,which is not conducive to the overall optimal allocation of STI resources.From the perspective of research methods,most scholars use parametric and non-parametric methods to evaluate the efficiency of STI.Although the two methods have certain applicability,t hey do not take into account the impact of previous STI input and output on the current STI efficiency.However,the influence of the previous output and input on the efficiency of current STI shows really important.Therefore,how to improve the evaluation model of STI efficiency has very important theoretical and practical significance,same as the study the efficiency of STI from the overall level of innovation subjectBased on the construction of the linkage mechanisms among innovation subject,regional innovation system,innovation value chain,this paper abstracts the correlation mechanism between innovation subject and innovation value chain,which provides an overall structure framework for evaluating the innovation efficiency of innovation subject in each stage.Secondly,based on the theories of,management,econometrics,innovation theory,this paper introduces the lag items of innovation output and input into the evaluation model of stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)based on the general C-D production function,obtains the general form of the improved evaluation model through mathematical derivation,and corrects the parameter errors of the improved model.In order to comprehensively evaluate the innovation efficiency of subjects,this paper sel ects30 provinces in China(Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan are not included in the research scope due to lack of data or statistical caliber)as observation units.From the point of innovation value chain,the SFA model with improved C-D production function is used to comprehensively and deeply evaluate the STI efficiency of innovation subjects in each stage of innovation value chain.The SFA model with improved C-D production function is also used to analyze the influence of R&D investment,full-time equivalent of R&D personnel,past output and external environment on the innovation efficiency of innovation subject.The results show that in different stages of innovation value chain,the innovation efficiency of innovation subject is not consistent.The efficiency of technology incubation of enterprises is higher than that of technology diffusion.The efficiency of knowledge output of universities is higher than that of technology incubation.The efficiency of technology incubation of R&D institutions is higher than that of science and technology output.The highest efficiency is that of knowledge output in colleges and universities,and the lowest is the technology diffusion efficiency of enterprises.In the study of the innovation efficiency of the innovation value chain,this paper also analyzes the factors of the innovation STI efficiency from the point of internal expenditure of R&D funds,full-time equivalent of R&D personnel,output factors in the past and external environment such as government and financial institutions.Based on the evaluation of STI efficiency of the innovation subjects in each stage,this paper further studies the spillover effect of the innovation subject's STI efficiency along with the innovation value chain by using spatial Durbin model(SDM),spatial autoregressive model(SAM)and spatial error model(SEM).The results show that there is an obvious value chain spillover effect between technology diffusion efficiency and knowledge output efficiency.A the same time there is also an obvious innovation value chain spillover effect between technology diffusion efficiency and technology incubation efficiency,while the spillover effect of knowledge output and technology incubation link is weak.Specifically,the efficiency spillov er of STI between enterprises and universities is obvious.At the same time,the flow of R&D personnel and the regional economy development have a positive correlation with the innovation efficiency spillover of innovation subject in each stage of innovati on value chain.According to the above research,this thesis starts from the improvement of the main body's STI efficiency in each stage of the innovation value chain.And then from the analysis results of spillover effect,this thesis further proposes that each innovation subject should ease the "crowding externality",strengthen the cooperation and collaboration,improve regional economic connection and marketization in order to raise the STI efficiency of each innovation subjiects.The research of the thesis provides a new idea for the evaluation of regional or national science and technology innovation efficiency.From the perspective of micro innovation subject,the innovation efficiency and spillover effect of innovation subject in each stage of inno vation value chain are studied in detail,which provides the basis for the improvement of innovation subject and innovation system efficiency,so as to improve the regional or national science and technology innovation efficiency. |
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