Study On The Spatial Effects Of Transportation Infrastructure

As a historical concept,the"Silk Road"has been the land trade channel of ancient China through Central Asia to South Asia,West Asia,Europe and North Africa.In September 2013,Xi Jinping first proposed the strategy of jointly building the“Silk Road Economic Belt”when he made an important speech at the Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan.Once this strategy was put forward,it attracted wide attention.The Silk Road Economic Belt can be said to be a trade channel formed by transportation.In the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt,the transportation infrastructure is the first cooperation content of economic and trade cooperation and regional economic integration along the countries,and it is the basic guarantee for logistics,capital flow and personnel exchanges.The transportation infrastructure has the characteristics of network and externality,which can cause a spatial spillover effect.That is,in addition to affecting local economic development,the impact of a regional transportation infrastructure will also overflow into other areas,creating a spatial spillover effect.With the improvement of transportation infrastructure,this spatial effect will bring new opportunities for the economic and social development of the countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt,and will also promote the realization of the interconnection of the Silk Road Economic Belt,thereby driving the cooperation between countries in the region in trade,investment,industry,cultural exchanges,etc.,lays the foundation for the realization of transportation integration,trade integration and regional economic integration.Regional economic integration is a major trend in the world today,and the construction and development of the Silk Road Economic Belt coincides with this trend.For the regional economic integration of the Silk Road Economic Belt,strengthening transportation infrastructure construction will be a basic and effective measure.By improving the transportation infrastructure,trade costs can be reduced,trade efficiency can be improved,and the expansion of market scale,industrial agglomeration,and division of labor will be promoted.Therefore,in the context of the“Belt and Road”,the Silk Road Economic Belt should achieve regional economic integration and promote the“destiny community”along the line of the country,then Interconnection based on transportation infrastructure is a necessary condition.This paper takes the countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt as the research object,and on the basis of the development of the transportation infrastructure along the country,the spatial effects of the transportation infrastructure and its impact on the regional economic integration of the Silk Road Economic Belt,Theoretical analysis and empirical tests have been systematically carried out,demonstrating that the construction of transportation infrastructure is the basic premise for promoting the economic development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and realizing regional economic integration.Under the background of deepening economic and trade cooperation between the“Belt and Road”countries,this study hopes to provide theoretical basis and empirical support and suggestions for the cooperation of transportation infrastructure construction and the realization of regional economic integration in the Silk Road Economic Belt.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:（1）On the basis of the new economic geography theory,based on the"central-periphery"model and the local spillover model（that is LS model）,the mechanism of the spatial effect of the transportation infrastructure of the Silk Road Economic Belt is analyzed from a theoretical perspective,and it is concluded that:improving the regional transportation infrastructure will increase the industrial concentration of the region and increase the economic growth rate;improving the inter-regional transportation infrastructure will also increase the concentration of the industry,and will also increase the economic growth rate;increasing the level of knowledge and technology spillovers can improve the overall economic growth rate.（II）Through the“2017-2018 Global Competitiveness Report”published by the World Economic Forum,the competitiveness of transportation infrastructure in 137 countries and regions was analyzed and ranked,and it was found that both the competitiveness index of the transportation infrastructure as a whole and the road Or the competitiveness index of the railway,most countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt are not ideally rated and ranked.（III）The main conclusions drawn from the spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure include:1.Through the analysis of Moran’s I index,under the three spatial weights,the per capital GDP of the countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt has spatial autocorrelation,that is,the economic development of the Silk Road Economic Belt is spatially agglomerated.2.From the overall perspective of the Silk Road Economic Belt,in the adjacent matrix W₁,the indirect effect（i.e.the spatial spillover effect）is about 5.2 times of the direct effect,and in the distance matrix W₂,the indirect effect is about 4.2 times of the direct effect,and in the distance matrix W₂,the indirect effect is about 4.2 times that of the direct effect.In the economic distance matrix W₃,the indirect effect is about 5.9 times that of the direct effect;3.As for industrial agglomeration,the coefficient of direct effect,indirect effect and total effect are significantly positive at the overall level of the Silk Road Economic Belt,indicating that the industrial agglomeration is adjacent to the national economy and neighboring countries of the countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt.It is confirmed in the third chapter theoretical analysis that improving transportation infrastructure will promote economic growth,and industrial agglomeration will also promote economic growth.（IV）The following conclusions have been drawn on the integration of transport infrastructure and regional economy:1.The overall boundary effect value of the Silk Road Economic Belt is between 14-45;2.In the sub-regional analysis,the Central Asia-South Asia-East Asia region has the largest boundary effect value,the CIS countries have the second regional boundary effect value,and the West Asia-North Africa region has the lowest boundary effect value;3.Analyses among different countries show that Kuwait has the lowest boundary effect value and Turkmenistan has the largest boundary effect value.Since the boundary effect can reflect the degree of regional economic integration,the empirical analysis of the impact of transportation infrastructure on the boundary effect can show that strengthening the construction of transportation infrastructure can reduce the boundary effect of the Silk Road economic belt and promote regional economic integration.