| The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century.The rapid development of science and technology and the rise of developing countries' are transforming and reshaping the global value chain system,which was once dominated by developed countries.In the historical opportunity of global value chain reconstruction,China's manufacturing industry' s transformation and upgrading,along with upgrading the position in the global value chain is the key to win international competition.As an independent industrial sector,service industry plays an important supporting role for manufacturing industry.Moreover,the integration of service industry and manufacturing industry has become an important driving force for industrial development.China is promoting the orderly opening of the service industry.Therefore,it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of the opening of the service industry on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain and their mechanism.The research on the impact of China's service sectors of manufacturing value chain upgrade mainly appeared in recent years,but some of the research is still inadequate,including not forming a system of theoretical framework.Furthermore,the mechanism analysis and the heterogeneity analysis and lack of the thorough study,and the study dimension is relatively single.This paper constructs a systematic theoretical framework to study the impact of service industry liberalization on manufacturing value chain upgrading.It is analyzed from two angles :the direct influence and indirect influence.The direct influence mainly refers to the opening of service industry can accelerate the servitization of manufacturing industry so as to realize the upgrade of manufacturing value chain.It is because the opening up of the service industry promotes manufacturing enterprises to build in service activities with core strategic significance,such as sales,operation,procurement and R&D activities,so that manufacturing enterprises can extend to the higher value chain.The indirect impact refers to the service sectors can increase domestic services'(including foreign enterprises and domestic enterprises)quality,variety and the service market competition through cost effect,technology spillover effect,supply effect and resource allocation effects,which can indirectly promote manufacturing global value chain upgrade.In the empirical analysis,this paper firstly USES the industry-level data to study from the perspective of the middle industry,combines the classical decomposition framework of Wang et al.(2013)and Wang zhi et al.(2015),and USES the global value chain status index defined by Koopman et al.(2010)at the level of "country-industry" to measure the upgrading of the global value chain of China's manufacturing industry.In addition,the export frequency of intermediate goods is used to distinguish the status of manufacturing value chain and export objects are used to distinguish export objects,so as to analyze the impact of service industry opening on the status of manufacturing value chain in different value chain status levels and the heterogeneity of different export economies.Secondly,from the perspective of micro enterprises,this paper studies the influence of trade openness of service industry and FDI openness of service industry on the production efficiency and export of manufacturing industry.The openness of trade in service industry reflects the openness of three service delivery modes: cross-border delivery,overseas consumption and natural person flow.The openness of FDI in service industry measures the openness of this service delivery mode in commerce.Two measures give a more comprehensive measure of the openness of services.Finally,from the perspective of provincial space,the research scope was extended to the field of space for the first time to explore the spatial spillover effect of service industry liberalization on manufacturing industry.Based on the results of theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper proves that the opening of service industry can promote the upgrading of manufacturing value chain.The acting mechanisms includes: increasing the number of highly skilled labor force and the proportion of working hours in manufacturing;improving manufacturing productivity by changing enterprises' intermediate inputs and intangible assets;and promoting the upgrade of manufacturing value chain in neighboring regions through spatial spillovers.The heterogeneity analysis finds that:the opening of real estate inhibites the upgrading of the value chain;the opening of information transmission and computer services,financial industry and wholesale and retail industry significantly promote the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain;the opening of transportation and storage industry,leasing and business service industry have no obvious effect on the upgrading of the manufacturing value chain.What's more,the opening up of service industry plays a significant role in promoting the status of the middle and low level manufacturing value chain,but not the high level manufacturing value chain.In addition,the paper also finds that China's OFDI in the service sector is not enough to support the GVCS in the manufacturing sector,and the opening of the service sector can help improve the export preference and export earnings of manufacturing enterprises.On the basis of the existing research conclusions,this paper puts forward a series of policy suggestions,including: formulate a reasonable opening policy to orderly promote the opening of the service industry;give full play to the role of service industry opening in promoting the position of manufacturing value chain;actively promote the integrated development of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and service industries;further improve the quality of labor force and the labor resources allocation of;give full play to the spatial spillover effect of service sector opening and promote the coordinated development of manufacturing industry in a region. |
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