| Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago,China's comprehensive national strength has been increasing day by day.In 2018,China's GDP reached 90 trillion yuan,accounting for nearly 16%of the world economy.The per capita gross national income was 9732 US dollars,higher than the average level of middle-income countries.The Engel coefficient of the whole country's residents dropped to 28.4%,and the living standard of the residents continued to improve.In terms of public services,there are 3173 public libraries nationwide,56.7 times more than in 1949;there are 997000 medical and health institutions nationwide,271 times more than in 1949;there are 9520000 health technicians,17.8 times more than in 1949;the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education reaches 94.2%,and the comprehensive population coverage rate of TV programs reaches 99.3%;All above reveals that the level of basic public services has been significantly improved.However,the quantity,quality and types of basic public services are still far behind the increasing public service demand of the people,and the difference in the supply of basic public services between regions is still prominent.The level of regional basic public service has a direct impact on the carrying capacity of resources and environment,the foundation and potential of economic development,which has become a "bottleneck" restricting the balanced development of regional economy.At the same time,the main function of finance is to provide public services.The ultimate goal of financial policy is to realize the equalization of basic public services.Therefore,in the new era,it is necessary to study the relationship between the equalization of regional basic public services and fiscal policy,and how to implement fiscal policy to promote the reduction of regional difFerences in basic public services.At present,most of the researches on the equalization of basic public services focus on the relationship among the supply responsibility subject,the equalization of financial capacity and the equalization of basic public services,as well as the evaluation of the level of basic public services,the analysis of causes and the research of countermeasures.With the gradual deepening of regional economic development strategy,the process of multi-regional economic integration is speeding up,and basic public services have more spatial characteristics,which need to take into account the social dimension and spatial latitude for research.The theme of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate whether the current basic public service is regionally equal,analyze the relationship between basic public service and fiscal policy,and explore how to improve the level of basic public service equalization through systematic fiscal policy.This paper adopts the research framework of "Theoretical research-Empirical evaluation of basic public services-Fiscal policy research".The first part is the basic concept and theoretical research(Chapter 1 and Chapter 2).Firstly,the concept of the subject to be studied is defined.The regional,basic and equalized characteristics of equalization of regional basic public services,the scope of basic public services and the connotation of equalization of basic public services are explained from two aspects of academic circles and government policies.And the content of basic public services to be studied is observed from the perspective of financial expenditure.To study regional basic public service in the new era,people's logic and financial logic need combined.The research is realized by the use of welfare economics,fairness and justice theory,public finance theory and governance theory.At present,the research on this topic at home and abroad mainly includes the empirical analysis of the level of equalization of regional basic public services,the responsibility of the government and finance to provide basic public services,the relationship between fiscal equalization and basic public services,and the role of transfer payments in basic public servicesThe second part is the empirical research on the level of equalization of regional basic public services(Chapter 3).In accordance with the comprehensive,scientific,reasonable and accessible principles,this paper constructs 34 indicators in 7 categories using the comprehensive evaluation method,which comprehensively evaluates the basic public service level,horizontal equalization level and vertical development level in 7 fields from 2007 to 2017,involving public education,medical security,social security and service,public culture,labor employment service,facility construction and environmental protection,At the same time,taking into account the arrangement of financial expenditure,the paper comprehensively reflects the regional differences of basic public services in 31 provinces,the east-middle-west,and some urban agglomerations from two aspects of capital investment and service projects.The third part is the research on the equalization level of regional basic public services and fiscal policy(Chapter 4,5 and 6).Through the construction of fixed effect model(FE),random effect model(RE),System GMM generalized moment estimation model,in turn,this part empirically studies the relationship between basic public services and economic development level,fiscal revenue and expenditure decentralization,transfer payment.On the basis of international experience,the paper studies to play the role of comprehensive financial governance in constantly improving fiscal policy,and promoting the equalization of basic public services in China.Firstly,it is to change the role tendency of over undertaking,by the means of clarifying the relationship between the government and the market,optimizing the structure of the tax system,building a multi coordinated governance system,mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of all aspects,and forming a multi-agent supply situation.Secondly,it is to change the fiscal expenditure tendency of economic priority,by the means of adjusting and improving the expenditure structure,optimizing the transfer payment system,and increasing the investment of the limited financial funds in people's livelihood expenditure to solve the problem of people's backward care.Thirdly,it is to change the orientation of fiscal supply with people's needs as the starting point and performance results as the aim,by the means of improving the use efficiency of financial funds,and optimizing people's satisfaction and happiness.This paper strives for innovation in research perspective,content and method.The specific performance is as follows.First,research perspective is innovated.From the perspective of national regional economic development strategy,this paper applies regional economic research logic of point,district and area to basic public services,and makes step by step in-depth study on the supporting points of urban agglomerations across the whole country,East-Central-West regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.Second,the measurement methods are diversified.Based on the accessibility,optimization and typicality of data,34 indexes of 7 categories are selected as the research object,and the evaluation is carried out with the help of multiple quantitative evaluation methods.At the same time,three effect models are constructed to study the relationship between fiscal policy and basic public services.Third,opinions and suggestions are systematized.Due to the rapid economic and social development,the integration of basic public services and new technologies in the new era presents many new features.Therefore,the paper is not proposing solutions for limited individual urban areas.From the perspective of comprehensive governance,the paper is to highlight regional synergy and systematization on the basis of theoretical research and practical experience.Standing from the angle of cross regional financial cooperation and multi-agent participation,cities will systematically work for a common target and revitalize at the same pace. |
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