| The cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,and it’s a major strategic decision made by CPC Central Committee and State Council to carry out the strategy of main body functional zones and push forward the construction of main body functional zones.The planning of main body functional zones is the important base to draw up the planning blueprint of land space development and protection pattern and construction of regional orderly development pattern in China in future.Both National Plan for Main Body Functional Zones and Hubei’s Plan for Main Body Functional Zones require that the implementation of main body functional zones must establish and implement performance appraisal and evaluation.’The thirteenth Five-Year Plan puts forward to coordinating all kinds of spatial planning on the base of the plan for the main body functional zones,and promoting ’the integration of multiple plannings’.Provincial Pilot Progam for Spatial Planning that is promulgated by the State Council requires to completely finding out and analyzing the background conditions of territorial space on the base of the planning of the main body functional zones,and carry out special differentiated evaluations that are targeted at the different positioning of main body functional zones.The fifth plenary session of the 1 8th Communist Party of China requires that taking municipal and county administrative regions as the unit,a space management system that is composed of space planning,usage control and differentiated performance appraisal is to be established.The report of the 19th session of National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward to constructing the system of territorial space development and protection,perfecting the supporting policies for the main body functional zones,and establishing a system of natural shelter areas with national parks as the main body.Strategic Planning for Rural Revitalization(2018-2022)clearly requires that the positioning shall be based on the main body functions,and suitability evaluation of territorial space development be carried out,in order to push forward the precise implementation of the strategic pattern of the main body functional zones at the levels of city and county.Hence,to carry out the study on the performance appraisal of the main body functional zones is a scientific manifestation of the implementation and practice of the overall national strategic layout of territorial space in the new era.According to the bearing capacity,current development density and potential of resources and environment,taking into account China’s population distribution,economic layout,land use and urbanization patterns as a whole,main body functional zones come into being when the territorial space is divided into four kinds of main body functional geographical units,that is,optimized development zones,key development zones,development-restricted zones(including major agricultural production zones,key ecological functional zones)and development-prohibited zones.The main body functional zones are the important support and foundation of constructing a green,coordinated and innovative regional development pattern in the new era.Starting from the geographical perspective,the years of 2007,2010,2013 and 2016 chosen as time sequential,on the basis of county-level spatial scale unit and nature reserve point element scale,this paper defines related concepts of the main body functional zones,constructs the support system of the theory of man-land relationship,the theory of regional spatial structure,the theory of regional division of labor,the theory of ecological economy,and the theory of sustainable development,constructs the performance evaluation index system of the main functional zones,makes use of technical methods in geography.economics and other disciplines with the combination with field investigation method,does research on horizontal characteristics,spatial pattern,spatio-temporal evolution,influential factors and driving force mechanism,and disturbance degree of human activities of performance of the main body functional zones as well as construction path of functional zones in Hubei Province,and reaches main conclusions as below:(1)Current spatial pattern of cultural geography elements and natural geographical elements of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasses in the main body functional zones of Hubei Province differ remarkably.The overall spatial distribution pattern of four kinds of cultural geography elements in the main body functional zones of Hubei Province,that is,population,economy,industry and transportation,all show a significant feature of ’more in the east and less in the west’,and internal differences in amount and level,that is key development zone is higher than major production zones of agricultural products which is higher than key ecological functional zones.The spatial pattern features of natural geographical elements of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasses differ from each other.Plain and hilly terrain topography mainly spread in key development zones and major production zones of agricultural products,mountain terrain and topography mainly spreads in key ecological functional zones;water resource elements mainly spread concentratedly in the central and eastern parts of major production zones of agricultural products;woodland resources mainly spread in the middle of major production zones of agricultural products;lake resources mainly spread in Wuhan City,Huangshi City and Ezhou City in the key development zone;grassland resources mainly spread in the northwest and west parts of the key ecological functional zones and the north part of major production zones of agricultural products.(2)The performance evaluation index system of the three major categories of the main body functional zones in Hubei Province has its own features respectively.Based on the performance evaluation requirements for giving priority to assessment of economy,industrialization and urbanization,the key development zones establish three subsystem tiers of economic development,social insurance and ecological protection,the subsystem contains seven evaluation index tiers and 23 specific index factors,such as economic increase,quality benefit,industrial structure,resource consumption,urban and rural coordination,public services and environmental governance;the performance evaluation requirement to give priority to agricultural development is stipulated in the main production zones of agricultural products,index system is composed of three system tiers of agricultural development,rural ecology and farmers’ life,within the subsystem there contains 24 specific index factors of six evaluation tiers and index factor tiers,such as agricultural product insurance,agricultural structure optimization,level of agricultural modernization,agricultural environment protection,farmers’ income,and public services;the performance evaluation requirement to give priority to ecological protection is stipulated in the key ecological functional zones,the index system has system tier built from three aspects of ecological protection,green development and people’s livelihood,within the subsystem,the evaluation tier contains appraisal in six aspects of ecological resources,environmental governance,development efficiency,development quality,income level and public services,and the index factor tier consists of 20 screened index factors.The construction of three categories of index systems of functional zones fully docks with the functional orientation and performance evaluation requirements of the main body functional zones in Hubei Province,and takes into account principles of data availability and scientific evaluation to the maximum extent,which has reference significance.(3)Under different time scales,the performance level of the three kinds of the main body functional zones in Hubei Province varies,agglomeration effect of performance space varies in strength with different patterns,the coordination development degree of the system is in want of improvement,influential factors of performance driving and its influential ability show similarities and differences.Firstly,in the periods of 2007,2010,2013,and 2016,generally,the overall performance level and sub-system performance level of the key development zones,the main production zones of agricultural products and the key ecological functional zones develop well,but there exists the evolution feature of decline and fluctuation in some particular years,especially distinctive differences in the performance level and space distribution of the subsystem.The subsystem performance of economic development and social insurance of the key development zones is a distribution of high value in the county and city areas where Wuhan and Yichang are located,while the subsystem of ecological protection is characterized by high in the west and low in the east,the high value areas are dominated by Enshi City,Zhangwan District and Maojian District;the overall performance level of the main production zones of agricultural products is characterized by an ’inverted T’ pattern,the high value areas are Jianghan Plain,the area along the Yangtze River,and Suixian County,Zhongxiang County and Shayang County in the hilly land of northern Hubei Province.The performance development level and evolution law of agricultural development and farmers’ life subsystems accord with each other essentially,the performance level of the rural ecological subsystem is characterized by highness in the east and lowness in the west as a whole and further evolution tendency of gradual reinforcement to the east;the overall performance level of the key ecological functional zones is characterized by an overall spacial evolution pattern of ’strongness in the west and weakness in the east with four highlighted cores,the performance space feature of ecological protection accord with the one of green development subsystem,but the performance of people’s livelihood subsystem is characterized by remarkable difference pattern of’strongness in the east and weakness in the west’.Secondly,in the aspect of the overall relevance of the performance space as a whole,the key development zones are higher than the main production zones of agricultural products which are higher than the key ecological functional zones,the evolution of zoning relevance shows that the tendency of the agglomeration effect increases by a small margin gradually in the key development zones and the main production zones of agricultural products as a whole,while the tendency of a small rise after a huge decline occurs in the key ecological zones.The overall relevance of the subsystem shows that the evolution trend of increase after decline appears in the performance relevance of economic development subsystem of the key development zones,the evolution trend of constant increase appears in the social insurance subsystem,and the tendency of decline after increase occurs in the ecological protection subsystem;the overall relevance of the subsystem of the main production zones of agricultural products is of rural ecology higher than farmers’ life that is higher than agricultural development as a whole,the evolution trend of relevance is that agricultural development rises after declines,rural ecology declines like a ’wave’,and farmers’ life rises up continuously;the relevance evolution trend of the subsystem of the key ecological functional zones is of a tendency that ecological protection and green development rise after a sharp decline,and the relevance evolution trend of constant reinforcement occurs in people’s livelihood subsystem.At the same time,the local spatial agglomeration feature of three categories of functional zones and their subsystems varies with the relevance evolution.The coordination development degree of the system is characterized by that increase after decline in the key development zones,the evolution from slow increase to rapid increase in the main production zones of agricultural products,and a constant increase with a rather large margin in the key ecological functional zones.But the overall coordination development degree is in want of improvement.Thirdly,the influential core factors that drives the performance development of the key development zones are mainly economic density,traffic accessibility,production cost,openness and innovation level.The influential core factors that dominate the performance development of the main production zones of agricultural products mainly contains relief amplitude,land output rate,population urbanization rate,total investment in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,and traffic accessibility.The core factors that influence the performance development of the key ecological functional zones mainly include relief amplitude,population density,economic density,traffic accessibility,and government intervention degree(4)The intervention degree to forbid human activities in the development zone,the overall protection strength is in urgent want of reinforcement.In 2016.there existed different kinds of human activities in all ten typical provincial nature reserves which are banned to develop,and with a large amount of activities,which are mainly housing estates,agricultural land,industrial and mining land,farms,quarries,energy facilities,transportation facilities,tourism facilities,and other artificial facilities;the overall intervention degree of human activities in Liangzihu Lake Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve is the largest,the intervention degree of human activities in the core area of Shangshi Lake and Erxianyan Wetland Provincial Nature Reserves is the strongest,the intervention degree of human activities in the buffer and experiment sections of Wanghu Lake and Liangzihu Lake Wetlands Provincial Nature Reserves is the largest;on-the-spot survey and verification study are highly consistent with and similar to indoor theoretical analysis and research,human activity elements are characterized by agglomeration distribution,show a trend of continuity and large scale,and own the features of spreading along geographical zones of mountains,lakes,roads and other elements with rather strong spatial complexity.The factor of human activities in the experiment section is the most,the amount of the buffer section is the next,and the core section is less;reducing the intervention of human activities in nature reserves,making people move out of nature reserves,shutting down tourist facilities and energy facilities in nature reserves,and reforesting the quarry,industrial and mining land,and alike in nature reserves are effective measures and a task of top priority to promote the prohibition of development for reforestation(5)The development construction of the main body functional zones in Hubei Province can choose effective paths and introduction of necessary policies to jointly work.The construction of the main body functional zones in Hubei Province bears on the formation of the strategic spatial pattern of Hubei Province in the future and people’s getting a better life.On one hand,it’s suggested to choose to focus on performance evaluation results on the basis of the research in this paper,target at the positioning of the main body functional zones,seize the influential factors of performance driving,cultivate regional increase motives,dig out performance spatial pattern features,and promote three ways to the coordination development in all areas.On the other hand,it’s suggested to introduce relevant policies and countermeasures to explore the construction of the innovation system of natural resource asset management,push forward the perfection of ecological compensation system and mechanism,and work in coordination with the construction of a new development pattern of equalization of basic public services. |
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