| Happiness is an eternal theme pursued by human beings.How to improve people's livelihood and happiness is the core issue of the party and government.The ultimate goal of economic growth and government policy is to improve people's happiness.Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has grown rapidly and people's living standards have improved significantly.At the same time,China's economic and social development has revealed some practical problems that need to be solved urgently.These problems are mainly concentrated in the areas of people's livelihood such as education,medical care,social security and employment,such as unequal educational opportunities,expensive and difficult medical treatment,inadequate social security,frequent social crises,etc.These practical problems have largely harmed The happiness of the people.Facing the new development situation,the party and government adhered to the "people-oriented" concept,increased their focus on people's livelihood issues,actively protected and improved people's livelihood,and some prominent contradictions and problems in key areas of people's livelihood were alleviated.It should be said that in the process of the government's protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses and continuous improvement of people's livelihood,as the vital force of people's livelihood policies,people's livelihood financial expenditures played a key role,and socialist people's livelihood financial theories with Chinese characteristics also came into being.How to make the people 's livelihood financial expenditure better and more efficient to serve the people,and how to make the people get a sense of fairness,security,and happiness to a greater extent have become the most important goals for people 's livelihood financial expenditure.From the perspective of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditures,in order to better play its role and effect,we must solve the following issues: whether the scale of expenditure is appropriate,whether the expenditure structure is reasonable,and whether the expenditure efficiency is the largest.From the perspective of the functioning process,the scale of expenditure is the premise and starting point,expressed as the amount of capital investment,while the structure of expenditure is the internal adjustment of the same scale,the efficiency of expenditure is the end point,and the performance of the livelihood funds is good or bad.This article takes the scale,structure and efficiency of people 's livelihood expenditures as the starting point,and puts the scale,structure and efficiency of people 's livelihood expenditures in the same framework as happiness.As a basis for judging happiness,it analyzes the main problems in China 's fiscal and people 's livelihood expenditures and proposes reasonable optimization suggestions,in order to provide the government with theoretical support and a way to find a truly healthy and sustainable way to optimize people 's livelihood and finance with the improvement of people 's happiness.Policy basis.Based on the above purpose of this article,the research ideas are as follows:First,we study the relationship between the "scale" of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure and happiness.In order for the people's livelihood finance to play a role,it should first be manifested in providing sufficient funds to the people's livelihood sector,without the guarantee of the total amount of expenditure,and improving happiness is empty talk.Therefore,this paper studies the relationship between the "scale" of financial and people's livelihood expenditure and happiness,and explores the existence of the optimal scale of financial people's livelihood expenditure for improving happiness.At the same time,on the premise that the total amount is unchanged,the optimization and adjustment of the structure of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditures that maximize happiness is explored.Then study the relationship between the efficiency of financial and people's livelihood expenditure and happiness.According to the research conclusions in this field,most scholars agree that increasing the total amount of public livelihood expenditure or optimizing the expenditure structure can promote happiness.However,at present,China 's economic growth is slowing down.It is an objective reality to slow down the growth of fiscal funds.From the perspective of increasing the scale of livelihood expenditure and optimizing the structure,it is no longer sufficient to solve problems in the field of livelihood.Increasing requirements in the field are inconsistent with insufficient financial funds,improve people's happiness,and make better use of the effects of the use of financial and livelihood expenditure funds.Finally,in addition to researching and optimizing fiscal livelihood expenditure from the three main lines of the relationship between the scale,structure and efficiency of fiscal livelihood expenditure and happiness,this article also focuses on the transmission path of fiscal livelihood expenditure affecting happiness.How does fiscal expenditure on livelihood affect happiness? Can we further explore the effective ways of improving happiness and optimizing fiscal livelihood expenditure from the path that fiscal livelihood expenditure affects happiness? These questions will also be answered in this article.The specific research contents of this article are as follows:The first part is the introduction,literature review and theoretical basis of this article.Introduce why research and how to study the issue of fiscal and livelihood expenditure oriented to improving happiness,what the research includes,what are the innovation points and deficiencies,and then sort out relevant domestic and foreign related issues from the perspective of fiscal expenditure,happiness and the relationship between the two Literature,and finally selected the theory of public finance,social justice and justice,social welfare theory,the theory of China's scientific outlook on development,to lay the theoretical foundation for the study of this article.The second part is the definition of the related concepts,scope and status analysis.The scope of this article's livelihood expenditure is defined as the three dimensions of public education expenditure,social security and employment expenditure,and medical and health expenditure.Then it introduces the evolution history of people 's livelihood fiscal policy and the development trend of China 's livelihood financial expenditure in the past ten years.Finally,it reviewed 2003 with CGSS-The trend and distribution of Chinese national happiness since 2015.The third part is to match the "scale" of people's livelihood expenditure with Happiness,and analyze the relationship between the two.First,analyze the total amount of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure and the relationship between dimensions and happiness in the entire sample.Second,based on this,research and analyze the heterogeneity between different groups by region,income,etc.Based on the relationship between people's livelihood expenditure and Happiness,a macro tax burden variable is introduced to explore whether there is an optimal fiscal livelihood expenditure scale that can maximize people's Happiness.The fourth part is an empirical analysis of the relationship between the "input-output efficiency" of financial and people's livelihood expenditure and Happiness.First,use the DEA method to measure the efficiency of fiscal and livelihood expenditures of various provincial governments in China in 2015.Then,analyze and explain the reasons for the invalidity of DEA.Finally,by constructing an ordered probability model and OLS model,use CGSS 2015 data to focus on research The relationship between the efficiency of fiscal livelihood expenditure and Happiness,and then find a solution to optimize the efficiency of fiscal livelihood expenditure and improve happiness.The fifth part is the research on the transmission path of Happiness by the expenditure of people's livelihood.The transmission mechanism of financial people's livelihood on Happiness is divided into direct and indirect paths.First,theoretically analyze the existence of three psychological effects of changes in Happiness caused by the expenditure of people 's livelihood,that is,the existence of “equality of opportunity”,“social trust”,and “social stability”.Then,by constructing a mediation effect model and an ordered probability model And OLS model,using CGSS 2015 data,to verify and analyze the mediation effects of the three paths,and finally to analyze the direct effects and mediation effects.The sixth part is to analyze the problems and reasons of the financial livelihood expenditure in combination with the empirical conclusions in the previous part of the article,and to improve the sense of happiness based on the current situation of China's financial livelihood,from the optimization of the scale and structure of financial livelihood expenditure and the optimization of financial livelihood.Feasibility suggestions are proposed from three angles of efficiency and optimization of the transmission path of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure.The main conclusions of this article are:1.From the perspective of the "scale" and Happiness of fiscal livelihood expenditure,fiscal livelihood expenditure can significantly increase happiness.In terms of structure,compared with the three dimensions,education expenditure has been promoted the most,followed by social security and employment expenditures.Medical and health expenditures have no significant effect on residents' Happiness and have a negative effect on Happiness.Different incomes Compared with different strata,fiscal livelihood expenditure has a stronger effect on improving the happiness of low-income groups.Compared with different regions,fiscal livelihood expenditure has the strongest improvement in happiness in the western region,followed by the central region and the weakest in the eastern region.Moreover,from the perspective of the effect of the three dimensions of people's livelihood expenditure on the improvement of happiness in different regions,the eastern region benefits most from education expenditures;the central region benefits most from social security spending;the western region benefits most from social security Medical and health expenditures.There is a significant inverted "U" relationship between people's livelihood expenditure and Happiness.The optimal expenditure scale is 11047 yuan / person.After considering the macro tax burden factor,the macro tax burden has a negative relationship with happiness,but the coefficient is much smaller than The positive coefficient of people's livelihood expenditure on happiness,at this time the optimal scale of people's livelihood expenditure dropped to8955 yuan / person.The optimal scale of education expenditure is 5,211 yuan / person,and the optimal scale of social security is 3,394 yuan / person.There may be a "U"-type relationship between health care expenditure and residents' happiness.In combination with the current scale of China's per capita fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure,per capita education expenditure,and per capita social security expenditure,none of them has reached the optimal scale standard.Therefore,in order to improve the sense of happiness,the government should increase the investment in the total scale of people's livelihood expenditure,and the structure should be inclined to the education field,low-income class,and western regions.The eastern region should increase education expenditures,the central region should increase social security expenditures,and the western region should increase social security and medical and health expenditures.2.Judging from the relationship between the "efficiency" of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure and Happiness,the total efficiency and itemized efficiency of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure are significantly positively related to Happiness.It means that under the condition that the total expenditure is unchanged,the happiness can be improved by improving the efficiency of people's livelihood expenditure.Measured by DEA method,the overall efficiency of fiscal and people's livelihood expenditure in most areas of China has reached the DEA effectiveness,but the regional differences are large,mainly due to technical reasons.Education spending in most provinces has reached an efficient state,but medical spending in most provinces has been inefficient.Among them,the improvement of the efficiency of education expenditure is most conducive to the improvement of Happiness,followed by social security expenditure and the weakest effect of medical and health expenditure.Therefore,the government should take targeted measures to ensure and improve the efficiency of people's livelihood,in particular,increase the intensity of medical reforms to improve happiness.3.From the perspective of the financial people 's livelihood expenditure—the transmission path of happiness,financial people 's livelihood expenditure can directly affect the improvement of Happiness through the income effect,and indirectly promote subjectivity by improving the sense of equality of opportunity,social stability,and social trust.Increase in happiness.The sense of equality of opportunity plays the strongest intermediary role in the impact of fiscal livelihood expenditure on happiness.Therefore,the government should increase the scale of people's livelihood investment to ensure that its income effect is exerted.At the same time,it should also ensure the fair distribution of education,social security and employment and medical care,and ensure equal opportunities to promote the improvement of happiness.4.Based on the perspective of improving national happiness,my country's national livelihood fiscal expenditure has problems such as insufficient scale,structural imbalance,low efficiency,and poor transmission path.Therefore,the government must optimize the scale and structure of people's livelihood fiscal expenditure,expenditure efficiency,and the sense of happiness.From the perspective of the transmission path and other perspectives,targeted optimization measures are taken to promote happiness. |
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