Research On The Impact Of Fiscal Education Expenditure On Social Intergenerational Mobility

Education is related to the national economy,and benefits thousands of families.As one kind of government public service,public education is supposed to have an impact on family members,and then affect the development of their generations.However,education may be a double-edged sword for intergenerational mobility,since the people from the bottom of the society can get more channels to upward through education,and get rid of the influence of the original social status.However,education also has obvious characteristics of self-realization and class reproduction,so it may become a sharp tool to strengthen intergenerational transmission and solidify social class.Does this mean that we can't improve social mobility through public education policy? This paper investigates the topic of "Research on the impact of fiscal education expenditure on social intergenerational mobility",and intends to systematically analyze the impact and mechanism of fiscal education expenditure on social intergenerational mobility from the three major perspectives: scale,structure and responsibility sharing.This paper is to get some significant and practical policy enlightenment,and analyze how the government can allocate fiscal education expenditure,improve social mobility and promote social equity.Based on the aforementioned,this paper will investigate the impact and mechanism of fiscal education expenditure on social intergenerational mobility from three perspectives of scale,structure and responsibility sharing,by employing scientific research methods.The introduction describes the research background and significance of this paper,explains two core concepts of intergenerational mobility and fiscal education expenditure.Intergenerational mobility indicates the mobility of social strata between two generations.Generally,it is believed that if the gap between the two social strata is greater,the intergenerational mobility is stronger.Fiscal education expenditure means the funds used by government to develop social education level.Additionally,this chapter briefly introduces the main research contents and possible innovations of this paper.In the part of literature review,this paper reviews the relevant papers at home and abroad from three perspectives: the measurement of social intergenerational mobility,education and social intergenerational mobility,fiscal education expenditure and social intergenerational mobility.Also,this part summarizes the contributions of existing researches and the fields can be expanded,and forms the research topic of this paper.In the part of current situation analysis,this paper analyzes the current situation of fiscal expenditure on education and social intergenerational mobility in China,and further explores the relationship between them by utilizing scatter diagram,providing some empirical evidence for following research of this paper.In the part of the analysis of the current situation of fiscal education expenditure,this chapter first gives a brief introduction of the fiscal education system since the founding of PRC,which is divided into the embryonic period characterized by "centralization and hierarchical responsibility",the exploration period characterized by "combination of sections and blocks,block based",the adjustment period characterized by "eating in different stoves and contracting at different levels",and the fiscal education system under the tax reform.Based on this,the paper summarizes the three main threads of China's fiscal education system reform and the specific embodiment of f it,from the three perspectives of scale,structure and intergovernmental responsibility sharing.Secondly,using a variety of indicators,such as the proportion of national fiscal education funds in GDP,the proportion of national fiscal education funds in the total education funds,the proportion of central and local national fiscal education funds in the total education funds of all level education stage,to analyze the national and regional(provincial)level fiscal education funds in terms of scale,structure and responsibility sharing.The results indicate that the scale of China's fiscal expenditure on education is rising.The structure of fiscal expenditure on education shows the characteristics of "supporting the common development of all stages of education,and inclining to compulsory education".The responsibility sharing shows the characteristics of "central and local governments share the responsibility,and local governments are the main ones".In the part of measuring social intergenerational mobility,this paper uses the China Household Income Survey(CHIPS)in 1988,1995,1999,2002,2007 and 2013 to analyze China's annual social intergenerational mobility and its trend from the perspectives of economic status,education and social status.The results show that: there is a positive correlation between the social classes of father and son.In general,compared with other countries,China's intergenerational mobility has not yet entered the alarming level.Following the timeline,intergenerational income mobility increases first and then decreases,intergenerational education and social status mobility generally drops.In summary,they all decreases in recent years.According to heterogeneity analysis,the mobility of low-income group is greater than that of high-income group,the mobility of low-education group is higher than that of higheducation group.Also,the mobility of rural families is greater than that of urban families.The intergenerational income mobility of post-60 s,post-70 s and post-80 s continues to increase,but the intergenerational education and social status mobility is weakening.Finally,this paper attempts to use the scatter diagram to preliminarily explore the relationship between fiscal education expenditure and social intergenerational mobility.The results show that they are negatively correlated from all the perspectives of scale,structure or responsibility sharing,also it provides some empirical evidence for the following research of this paper.In the part of theoretical discussion,this paper constructs the over lapping generation models of: two generations with three periods,two generations with five periods,and the model with two levels of government,to discuss the influence of the scale,structure and responsibility sharing of fiscal education expenditure on social intergenerational mobility.Through the setup,utility maximization,analysis and discussion,this chapter concludes 12 hypotheses.In the part of empirical results,this paper also discusses this from the perspectives of scale,structure and responsibility sharing,and examines the impact and the mechanism of fiscal education expenditure on social intergenerational mobility.In order to distinguish the comprehensiveness and integrity,all the regressions on scale issues include empirical tests at county-,city-,province-and nation-levels.In the structural issue,the education stage is divided into five stages: ordinary higher education,ordinary senior high school,ordinary junior high school,ordinary primary school and kindergarten education.In the issue of responsibility sharing,the governments are divided into four levels: the central level,the provincial level,the city level and the county level.The regression results show that fiscal expenditure of education can improve social intergenerational mobility.In contrast,the effect of basic education is greater than that of higher education,and the impact of provincial and county governments is greater as well.The above results are still robust after considering the endogenous problem and other robustness check.Also,the improvement effect of fiscal education expenditure is heterogeneous due to the differences of macro regions and micro individuals.Results indicate that the above effect is greater in rural families,some specific areas,low-income families,low education families,male children and post-80 s children samples.In the part of mechanism analysis,this paper employs the moderated mediating effect model,mediated moderating effect model,and sub sample regression to explore the channels between fiscal education expenditure and intergenerational mobility from three perspectives:macro,family(mainly referring to parents)and individual(mainly referring to children).The results show that: at the macro level,fiscal education expenditure can increase intergenerational mobility by improving social atmosphere and promoting education balance.At the family level,fiscal education expenditure can enhance social mobility by weakening the impact of family education expenditure on children,or directly crowding out the family education expenditure.At the individual level,fiscal education expenditure can reduce the impact of individual education performance on children,or directly affect individual education performance,and then raise social mobility.In the part of policy discussion,based on the conclusions,this paper finds fiscal education expenditure helps to achieve the two goals of equal opportunity and social equity pursued by the government as the carrier of public service provision and public value realization,improving income distribution.Therefore,this paper puts forward the basic orientation and specific ideas of the policy.Specifically,the basic orientations include: further increase the scale of fiscal education expenditure,optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure on education,rationalize the responsibility sharing of government on fiscal education expenditure at all levels.The specific ideas include: guard against the weakening trend of social intergenerational mobility,give full play to the positive role of financial education expenditure,improve the effectiveness of financial education expenditure,improve the accuracy of financial education expenditure,give full play to the main role of county-level government,strengthen provincial coordination,improve inter regional education fund transfer payment,broaden the sources of financial education funds,explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism of fiscal education expenditure.