Research On The Interactive Influence Of The Factors Of Individual,Family,and School On Adolescents' Physical Exercise Behavior

Objective: Physical exercise is a subset of physical activity,with distinct social,group,cultural,educational and other attributes.Although the academic community had extensively explored the relevant problems of adolescents' physical activity,it is relatively weak to explore the interactive influence of the factors of individual,family,and school on adolescents' physical exercise behavior that used the longitudinal research and cross-sectional survey research.Therefore,from the perspective of exercise psychology,this thesis explored the interactive influence of the factors of individual,family and school on adolescents' physical exercise behavior,and constructed the impact mechanism model,which had certain practical significance for improving adolescents' physical exercise status and social adaptability.Methods: This thesis used the expert interview,literature consultation,questionnaire survey,and mathematical statistics,etc.Firstly,this thesis determined the research variables on the basis of the theory and literature review.Among them,the individual factors included the exercise identity,internal motivation,exercise commitment,and the subjective exercise experience.And the family factors included parental autonomy support and parental exercise habits.Furthermore,the school factors included the school natural environment support and the school interpersonal environment support.Secondly,through the cross-sectional investigation of 4632adolescents(44.91% boys,aged 15.59 ± 1.571 years),and use the Mann-Whitney U test,Spearman related analysis and other statistical methods in order to explore the characteristics and the intrinsic association of the factors of individual,family,school,and adolescents' physical exercise behavior.Then,made a twelve-week,two-stage longitudinal investigation on 1091 adolescents(45.28% boys,aged 14.74 ± 1.921 years)to explore the interactive influence of the factors of individual,family and school on adolescents' physical exercise behavior,and constructed the impact mechanism model.Finally,used the method of Bootstrap to test the moderating effects of gender and learning phase in this model.Results:I.There were significant gender differences in individual factors and adolescents' physical exercise behavior,and the learning phase differences of the factors of individual,family,school and adolescents' physical exercise behavior were significant.II.Firstly,for adolescents,among the school factors,the school natural environment support had the significant direct positive effect on their physical exercise behavior.Moreover,adolescents' physical exercise behavior could mediate the influence of the school natural environment support on the school interpersonal environment support,and the mediating effect amount was 7.7%.Secondly,for adolescents,among the family factors,the parental autonomy support had the significant direct positive effect on their physical exercise behavior.And the parental exercise habits could mediate the influence of parental autonomy support on adolescents' physical exercise behavior,then the mediating effect amount was 6.1%.Thirdly,for adolescents,among the individual factors,the exercise identity,internal motivation,and the exercise commitment had the significant direct positive effects on their physical exercise behavior.And,in the chain of influence between adolescents' exercise identity and physical exercise behavior,the internal motivation and exercise commitment had the chain mediating effect,then the chain mediating effect amount was 24.1%.Moreover,in the influence of adolescents' exercise identity on subjective exercise experience,the internal motivation,exercise commitment,and physical exercise behavior had a chain mediating effect,then the chain mediating effect amount was 46.7%.Finally,in the interactive influence of the factors of individual,family,and school on adolescents' physical exercise behavior,the parental autonomy support,adolescents' exercise identity,internal motivation,and exercise commitment could mediate the influence of the school natural environment support on adolescents' physical exercise behavior,then the chain mediating effect amount was 36.8%.In addition,the gender moderated the influence of the school natural environment support on adolescents' exercise commitment,and the parental autonomy support on adolescents' exercise identity.Moreover,the learning phase moderated the influence of the school natural environment support on adolescents' exercise identity.Conclusion:I.For adolescents,male is better than female at the individual factors and their physical exercise behavior.Moreover,the junior high school students are better than high school students at the factors of individual,family,school and their physical exercise behavior.II.The factors of individual,family,school have the complex interactive influence on adolescents' physical exercise behavior.Specifically,the school natural environment support could stimulate adolescents' exercise identity,internal motivation,exercise commitment and other internal psychological resources by improving the level of parental autonomy support,thereby promoting adolescents' physical exercise behavior,improving the school interpersonal environment support.Furthermore,in the impact mechanism model,for adolescents,in comparison,the school natural environment support is more likely to inspire female exercise commitment,and the parental autonomy support is easier to enhance female exercise identity.In addition,the school natural environment support is easier to enhance the exercise identity of junior high school students also.To a certain extent,the construction of the impact mechanism model reveals the positioning and interactive influence of the factors of individual,family and school in promoting adolescents' physical exercise behavior.