Research On The Development Policies(1949-2019)in Minzu Colleges And Universities Under The Perspective Of Text Analysis

Minzu colleges and universities are a form of ethnic higher education with Chinese characteristics created by the Communist Party of China under the guidance of Marxism and combined with the practice of Chinese revolution and socialist construction.The development policy of Minzu colleges and universities is the direct thrust of their development,and the policy efficiency directly affects their smooth development.Therefore,it is of great significance to conduct in-depth,systematic,complete and scientific research on the development policies of Minzu colleges and universities.Based on the Marxist theory of national equality,the theory of policy tools and the theory of educational policy analysis,and using the methods of text analysis,historical literature analysis and social network analysis.This paper makes qualitative and quantitative analysis on 321 normative policy texts,in order to explore the answers of following questions:What are the relevant theories and policies for the growth and development of Minzu colleges and universities? What roles did they play in the development of Minzu colleges and universities? What are the results? What are the shortcomings? And the paper summarizes the characteristics of the development policy of Minzu colleges and universities,and evaluates the efficiency of the policy,so as to provide the basis for the optimization of the development policy of Minzu colleges and universities.In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the number the issued development policies of Minzu colleges and universities has shown a phased growth trend in line with China's political,economic and social development,which can be divided into four stages.In the policy start-up stage(1949-1966),it is emphasized that the establishment of Minzu colleges and universities mainly focuses on the cultivation of ethnic political cadres,supplemented by the training of professional and technical cadres.The policy recovery stage(1978-1991)focuses on the recovery and reconstruction of Minzu colleges and universities,and guides them to gradually develop into regular universities.In the high-speed development stage of policy(1992-2009),most Minzu colleges and universities deepened reform,improved quality,highlighted school running characteristics,and constantly completed upgrading to achieve leapfrog development.In the all-round development stage ofpolicy(2010-2019),Minzu colleges and universities mainly emphasize the connotative development with the improvement of quality as the core.There are a lot of subjects of policy making and large quantities of policy issuing for Minzu colleges and universities.In the early stage,most of the policies were issued by independent subjects.And in recent years,the situation of multi-subject joint issuance has shown a relatively obvious rising trend.Among the subjects of multi-department joint issuance,the ministry of Education participated in the most times,followed by the National Ethnic Affairs Commission.There is a phenomenon of “small aggregation”on the subjects of the development policy-making for Minzu colleges and universities,and the policies' content overlaps each other seriously.By constructing a two-dimensional analysis framework of the policy tools for the development of Minzu colleges and universities,this paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of selecting the policy tools.It is found that authoritative tools are the most frequently used,followed by symbolic and persuasive tools,while capacity improvement tools,incentive tools and system change tools are less used.Policy tools are inadequately used in facilities construction,teaching assistance,results management,social service and scientific and technological innovation.The content focuses of the development policy of Minzu colleges and universities are balanced,but the policy goals,policy targets and policy measures are unreasonable.The development policy of Minzu colleges and universities should deepen the reform of policy supply side,give full play to the synergy between policy subjects,and clearly divide the rights and responsibilities of policy subjects.It is advisable to reduce the frequency of using authoritative tools,increase the use of system reform tools,broaden the use of capacity-building tools,and optimize the combination of policy tools.At the same time,we should strengthen the systematization of the development policy content of Minzu colleges and universities,construct the policy objective system to refine the objectives,improve the development policy content of Minzu colleges and universities,and improve the quality of the policy.