A Study On The Difference Influence Of Urban And Rural Income Gap On Human Capital Accumulation

Based on the theory of Opportunity fairness,this paper analyzes the impact of different aspect of urban-rural income gap on human capital accumulation.In the middle-income stage,China's economic growth entering the new normal,the original driving force of economic growth,that is factor driven and investment driven,has gradually weakened.It is necessary to cultivate a new driving force of economic growth,witch is innovation driven.Human capital is the basis of innovation driven.How to accumulate abundant human capital in the middle-income stage is the key factor for sustained economic growth and overcoming the "middle-income trap".Experience shows that the income gap is an important aspect that affects the smooth crossing of the "middle income trap",and the urban-rural income gap is an important part of China's income gap.Based on this,this paper plans to build a framework of the impact of urban-rural income gap on the accumulation of human capital,and analyzes the impact of different aspect of urban-rural income gap on the accumulation of human capital,so as to control the urban-rural income gap and promote human capital accumulation.Based on the typical urban-rural dual structure in China,this paper analyzes the impact of urban-rural income gap on human capital accumulation.(1)In the context of urban-rural labor transfer,based on the theory of opportunity equity of Rawls,Amartya Sen and Atkinson,this paper divides the urban-rural income gap into the aspect of opportunity equity and the aspect of opportunity inequality.The former mainly includes skill premium,while the latter mainly includes the gap of urban-rural education quality and the urban-rural labor market is distorted.Whether the opportunity is fair or not affects not only the motivation of human capital accumulation,but also the income status of different families and then the economic ability of individuals to accept human capital accumulation.(2)The equal opportunity aspect of urban-rural income gap has an impact on the accumulation of human capital.The level of human capital in Chinese cities is higher than that in rural areas,part of which is the result of the factors of opportunity equity.At this time,the skill premiumwill cause the urban-rural income gap,which is one of the opportunity equity aspect of the urban-rural income gap.In the case of labor heterogeneity,based on the labor market model,this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of skill premium on human capital accumulation,and finds that the impact of skill premium on human capital is inverted U-shaped,and the empirical test supports the hypothesis.(3)The unfair opportunity of urban-rural income gap has an impact on human capital accumulation.On the one hand,the income gap between urban and rural areas caused by the unfair compulsory education in urban and rural areas,even if the employment opportunities are fair at this time,but due to the different opportunities of compulsory education,the opportunity to enter colleges and universities and the labor market is not fair.The so-called "education unfairness affects the whole life",the unfairness of the opportunity of compulsory education has a restraining effect on the level of human capital accumulation.On the other hand,even if the opportunity of compulsory education in urban and rural areas is fair,the distorted labor market in urban and rural areas will also lead to the income gap between urban and rural areas.Based on the theory of pre-market discrimination,it is found that it is not conducive to the accumulation of human capital in urban and rural areas,and the middle-income stage is the most restrained stage.The empirical test also supports the hypothesis.The innovation of this paper is as follows:(1)based on the labor market model,this paper analyzes skill premium influence human capital accumulation,and concludes that there is an optimal skill premium to maximize the level of human capital accumulation,the income gap of opportunity equity should also be controlled within a reasonable range,so as to provide a way to explore the impact of income distribution of opportunity equity on human capital accumulation.(2)This paper analyzes the impact of urban and rural education opportunity inequality on the accumulation of human capital.The inequality of urban and rural education opportunity causes the gap of education quality between urban and rural areas.Considering the dynamic accumulation of human capital,it will lead to the gap of students' ability between urban and rural areas.Based on the balance model of humancapital investment,it is found that the gap of education quality between urban and rural areas is not conducive to the accumulation of human capital,which provides suggestions for the quality reform of rural compulsory education.(3)Based on the hypothesis of labor homogeneity and the theory of pre-market discrimination,this paper analyzes the impact of urban and rural employment inequality on the accumulation of human capital,and finds that the distortion of urban and rural labor market is not conducive to the accumulation of human capital,and the middle-income stage has a greater inhibitory effect,which provides a reference for the reform of urban and rural labor market.Efforts to cultivate the "hematopoiesis mechanism" of rural development and realize rural revitalization are conducive to reducing the opportunity inequality between urban and rural areas and promoting urban-rural integration and human capital accumulation.