Study On Collective Memory Of Rural Graduates Of Secondary Normal School

For a long time,the teachers in rural primary school were mainly trained by the secondary normal school.Especially in the 1980 s and 1990 s,secondary normal school has trained a large number of excellent teachers for rural schools in China.With the structural adjustment of normal education in the late 1990 s,secondary normal schools were gradually cancelled or transformed.The graduate of secondary normal school has been a historical term.In recent years,the problems of rural teachers,such as insufficient quantity,poor quality and poor stability,puzzles the development of rural education,which makes "miss secondary normal education".Faced with various problems existing in the construction of rural teachers,the policy of directional training of rural primary school teachers has been carried out in some regions.Because of drawing lessons from the running and training modes of secondary normal schools,it was once regarded as the return and revival of secondary normal education.So,as someone who experiences the events,what kind of collective memory do graduates of secondary normal school have? How the collective memory is constructed and how they influence graduates of secondary normal school themselves,society and policy? What can current training of rural teachers learn from the secondary normal education? At present,there are studies that try to summarize the experience of secondary normal school from the perspective of educators and managers,but few pay attention to the training of secondary normal school and the development of graduates in secondary normal schools from the perspective of educatees.Therefore,this study will choose Yi County,Shandong Province,as a field site,take fifteen graduates of secondary normal school and his teachers,colleagues as the object of study,and use the literature,investigation research comprehensively to study the collective memory of rural graduates of secondary normal school.Taking the background that collective memory occurred as a base,this study combs the natural humanities,basic education development and the development process of Yi County Normal School under the background of policy changes,and investigates the field that graduates of secondary normal school live,learn and work.On this basis,taking the life course of graduates of secondary normal school as the main line,this study describes the collective memory of graduates of secondary normal school about choices,the learning and life in secondary normal school and post-graduation development,and reveals that the life course and memory of individuals or groups are embedded in the background of macro-social structure changes and educational development.The choice to apply for the secondary normal education are deeply influenced by the macro-social background,especially the dual structure of urban and rural areas,the admission policy of secondary normal school and the reality of their families,and the quality of students in different periods are different.The learning in secondary normal schools and the development after graduation are closely related to the raining objectives of secondary normal schools at specific historical stages and the "one specialty and multi-abilities" and localized training are the important guarantee for the success of secondary normal schools.Based on the combing and analysis of collective memory of graduates of secondary normal school,drawing on collective memory theory and social identity theory,this study further explores how the collective memory of graduates of secondary normal school is constructed,maintained and how it affects the individual,social and policy.The collective memory of graduates of secondary normal school has certain tension on three dimensions of transverse,portrait and space-time and it is a complex process based on experiences about secondary normal school as social facts,through narrative text as collective representation and finally condensed into a social existence with collective significance.The meaning given to social facts by groups is the core of collective memory.The meaning will be deconstructed as the time and space changes and will also be shared,maintained and reconstructed based on social environment and reality in the social interaction.The constructed collective memory of graduates of secondary normal school has an important influence on the social identity of graduates of secondary normal school,the identity of other social groups to teacher profession and the perfection of policies.Individuals or groups need to rationally treat and reflect the influence of collective memory of graduates of secondary normal school on themselves,society and policies,and use memory as a resource to understand the present and guide the future better.