The Study Of D.Kharms’ Creation Under The Absurd Poetics View

Daniil Kharms – an outstanding Russian poet,novel and drama writer in the 20 th century.His creations have distinctive features of absurdity in both themes and forms,and his absurd theatre “Elizabeth Bam” is regarded as pioneer of European absurd theatre.With the help of defamation,metamorphosis and satirical imitation,Kharms carefully constructed an absurd poetics system,characterized by irrationality and illogicality,which contains Kharms’ s feeling of despair of the dilemma of human existence and his own circumstance of “no where to go”.Kharms’ creation is divided into two periods.From the mid 1920 s to the early1930 s were the first period,when writers’ absurd consciousness was constructed.During this period,Kharms concentrated on creating avant-garde poems;after the 1930 s,Kharms’ s absurd consciousness became mature and integrated into novels and theatrical creation.This thesis consists of three chapters.The first chapter analyzes the absurd elements in Kharms’ poetry,starting from the background of the creation of Kharms’ absurd consciousness.The poems in which Kharms discusses the themes of survival and death are filled with the poet’s fear of death and anxiety about fate.In Kharms’ s view,the disappearance of firm beliefs is the main reason that leads to the decline of social morality and individual confusion.Kharms uses a variety of absurd techniques in his poems.He makes the image symbols with uncertain meaning threaten the external form of man,oppress his inner spirit,in order to reflect the uncertainty of the protagonist’s existence;through the continuous repetition of meaningless words and actions,the meaninglessness of life itself is highlighted,revealing the absurdity of the protagonist’s situation;to achieve the defamiliarization effect by changing perspectives,alienation,dreams and other means,presenting scenes contrary to daily logic,reminding readers to think about existence.In the second chapter,the poetic system of the absurd in Kharms’ absurd short novels is presented from the point of view of the logic of the absurd,the absurd narrative,the absurd picture of the world.Kharms uses innovative language to show the absurdity of humanity’s existence.He compares the situation in which people are influenced by fate and cannot choose for themselves with the discursive structure “you cannot / you must”.Trapped in reality and unable to escape,Kharms creates a“neighboring world” in his novels to vent his painful feelings about the meaninglessness of existence.Irrationality is Kharms’ main way of understanding the world,which is reflected in the irrational logical system,reversible causality and aimless narration of the absurd novels.For Kharms,the tragedy of life is often expressed with the help of a narrative about food.He combined the “neighboring world” and the theme of food into the image of “food–planet” to show the relativity of cognition.Alcohol also plays an important role in Kharms’ absurd novels.It can cause disappearance of characters,memories,and meaning.With the help of images of alcohol,festive food and dishes,Kharms destroys the narrative principles of traditional literature,which causing a contradiction in the content and revealing the absurd characteristics of the narrative.Kharms choices stupid protagonist,time-spatial structure crossing the boundaries of absurdity and reality,alienation between people to build an absurd world.It can be said that the absurd world in Kharms’ novels is an exact copy of the aimless life and chaotic reality of society.The third chapter systematically studies the absurd drama of Kharms.Kharms’ drama creation has undergone a transition from avant-garde drama to the drama of the absurd.His absurd drama is similar to the European drama of the absurd in terms of themes and artistic techniques.Kharms saw the disharmony between human and the world.With the help of a parody of historical events,Kharms showed his irony and criticism to the ineffectiveness of human’s struggle to change his fate.And with the help of repetitive dramatic structure of the beginning and end in drama,Kharms emphasizes the inevitability of people in the face of a tragic fate,and a deformed person is a satire on the indifferent attitude between people.Kharms often uses the themes of instinct and desire to reveal the absurd.Through the opposition between the survival instinct and the pressure of arrest,he reveals the plight of people’s “nowhere to go”;he uses the death instinct as a point of view to compare the end of death and the process of survival,revealing the meaninglessness of existence.Through the game between courtship instinct and moral restraint,the issue of publicization of private space is discussed,and the absurd nature of a society lacking public reason is exposed.In short,the core idea of Kharms’ absurd literature is the disharmony between people’s desire for survival and development and the reality that limits their survival and development.Kharms feels desperate and painful in life,as if trapped in an island.Absurdity is his basic view of the world,and his works of absurd literature are the sharp edge of his attempt to pierce the absurd and see the truth.Absurd writing is the way that Kharms presents reality and artistic truth,and it is his method to overcome the absurdity of human existence.