The Study Of Exiled Criminals In Xinjiang In Qianlong Dynasty

In Qing Dynasty,the number of criminals exiled Xinjiang with complex identities,ranging from clan princes of Manchu and Han officials to ordinary Bannermen,civilians and even slaves.Since the beginning of the mid-Qianlong period,Xinjiang was designated as the "place of dispatch",after decades of adjustment and improvement,the system of dispatching to Xinjiang has matured since the end of Qianlong.The Qianlong Dynasty was the period when the Qing Dynasty sent the largest number of people to Xinjiang and has the greatest changed of the dispatched system.Based on the Manchu archives,this paper taking the exiled criminals to Xinjiang during the Qianlong period as the research object,and systematically sorts out topics such as the origin of the exiles,resettlement and corvee,management of the exiles,and the way out of the exiles,focuses on the regional differences between regional and identity differences in the system of dispatched Xinjiang,explore the reason and specific implementation of the system changes,analyzes the relationship between the system of dispatched Xinjiang and the policy of governing Xinjiang,and the historical role of development and construction in Xinjiang.This paper consists of introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction mainly introduces the origin of the topic,current status,methods,object definition and other contents.The text is divided into four chapters:The first chapter discusses the origin of criminals exiled to Xinjiang.According to the different sources of deportees,we separately examine the dispatch of inland and Xinjiang native criminals,as well as the adjustment of dispatch regulations,and sort out the distribution area of dispatched criminals in Xinjiang,and then analyze the relationship between regional adjustment and Qing government's rule in Xinjiang.The second chapter discusses the resettlement and corvee of deportees.By investigating the way of exiles to work as slaves,farmers,and servants,investigate the reasons for the change,and analyzes the relationship between the way of dispatching offenders and the way of punished offenders to corvee.The third chapter discusses the management of exiles.Introduce the supervision of the whole process of all the exiled criminals,As well as the Qing government's resettlement of criminals and other immigrants,explore the reasons of the establishment of the Garrison Stations and the abandon.Combine the problem of crime and escape of the exiles,analyzes the punishment and prevention measures of the Qing government.In the Manchu archives,the record of the mass escape of Changji exiles in the 33 rd year of The Qianlong Dynasty was used to restore the original appearance of the incident.The fourth chapter discusses the way out of exiles.By sorting out the path of rehabilitation of different exiles by the Qing court,and analyze the different purposes of dispatching exiles to Xinjiang and the policies of different exiles in governing Xinjiang through different settlement policies under differences in guilt,regions,status,etc.In order to explore the different orientations of the same crime in the Qing law and the influence of imperial power on the issue of dispatched.The conclusion,On the basis of summarizing the main points of the full text,discuss the purpose and significance of criminals dispatched to Xinjiang,as well as the pros and cons of dispatching Xinjiang system and its historical impact.