| During the period of the Republic?of?China,which was characterized by foreign invasion,continuous wars and social unrest,a number of famous middle schools emerged in China,such as the affiliated middle school of Beijing normal university,Nankai middle school in Tianjin,Mingde middle school in Hunan,Yangzhou middle school in Jiangsu,Suzhou middle school,etc.To some extent,it has alleviated the country's demand for talents needed for political,economic and cultural construction.Also a lot of famous educator emerged coping with it,such as Li Liru,Zhang Boling,Hu Yuantan,Zhou Houshu,Wang Maozu,etc.Moreover,it has promoted the sinicization of the system and mode of modern middle school education,further promoted the transformation of modern secondary education in the Republic?of?China and produced important influences on the development history of China's secondary education.The reason why these middle schools were able to rise in the dilemma of the Republic?of?China and became famous in the later generations is closely related to the advanced educational philosophy and effective educational measures of the famous principals of these middle schools at that time.These middle school principals generally adopted advanced school-running ideas and influence and promoted the development of middle schools with lofty educational personality and spirits,and scientific management measures.Their school-running philosophy and practical experience were not only the precious wealth of the development of famous middle schools in the Republic?of?China,but also the beneficial experience for the current middle schools on school-running and the healthy and long-term development.However,it is obviously insufficient in the present academic research as to how the famous middle school principals in the Republic of China understood middle schools,what concepts they formed and what measures they adopted during the school-running practice,what relationship was between their measures and ideas on middle school-running,what influences their concepts and practice had at that time,what the characteristics of those group of principals,and what enlightenment of their school-running were on the present,etc.The existing researches mainly focus on teacher management,student management,teaching management and other aspects,especially on one or a few points of these aspects,and rarely on the overall level of principals' school management.While there have been some scholars occasionally do so,they often selected a typical person to do an overall study of his school-running thoughts or practices,or selected one or two schools as typical examples to carry out the study.Thus,we will extend research scope to all the famous middle schools principals in the period of the Republic?of?China,pick out the famous headmasters who had made a significant contribution to the development of education and had a great influence on the development history of middle school education,then take them as a group and make an overall research on their school-running in the famous middle schools of during the Republic of China.In this dissertation,we use people's social function theory of historical materialism,the principal structure theory,the charismatic leadership theory as basic theories to understand and analyze the school-running ideas and practice of famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China,adopt literature research method,history method,the research method of tabular statistics and comparative research methods to further study the school-running ideas and practice of famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China basing on collecting,sorting and refinding materials extensively.The whole dissertation has five chapters with an introduction.In chapter 1,we put forward people's social function theory of historical materialism,the principal structure theory,the charismatic leadership theory as the theoretical basis,expound the application of the three theories in understanding and analyzing the school-running ideas and practice measures of famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China.In chapter 2,we make a in-depth and meticulous investigation on the basic information of famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China,mainly from the aspects of the working school,age and tenure time,education experience,work experience,etc.We understand their status on the whole from the legal status,school status and social status.We make a detailed classification about their treatment from salaries,pensions,benefits,rewards and professional development.And from the above,we can find that the famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China mainly had the following characteristics: they usually served at the age of 26?45,with a term of 3?9 years,generally had higher education background and rich working experience;they managed school affairs according the law and most of them gained good social reputation;their benefits continuously got improved,but often couldn't got effective guarantee after 1937.In chapter 3,we investigate the school-running concepts of famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China mainly around the value orientation,the mode,organization structure,the subject quality,teachers,the goal,the content,resources and conditions,etc.of running a middle school.And baseing on their basic situation,school situation and times,it can be seen that the famous middle school principals' school-running concepts conformed the trend of era,the national and social demand;they corresponded to the schools' development situation and had a leading role;they were concise and easy to operate.In chapter 4,we discuss about how the famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China put the idea of running a school into practice and the effect mainly from the principal's practice,organization construction and democratic management,faculty construction and management,student management,curriculum reform and management,fund raising and management,facilities and equipment management,social relations management,etc.We can know from the above that: they insist on guiding the school-running practice with concepts,took strict management across with moderateness which thus made the management full of human concern,paid attention to the systematicness of curriculum reform,made good use of external force for the school-running.In chapter 5,we make a conclusion of the above research: It is the principals' good qualities,sticking to advanced educational philosophy as guidance and taking effective measures that contribute to the success of running a school for famous middle school principals in the Republic?of?China.While it is the turbulence of the Times,limitation of principals' thoughts,lack of guarantee about financial resources and the interference of the government that restricted their school-running.At present,we should allocate and make good use of principals,adhere to the guidance of advanced concepts,choose teachers strickly and make better use of them,manage students with principles and degrees,regulate the management organization scientifically. |
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