| At present,the global geo-environment has been gradually transformed from the logic of confrontation and conflict in geopolitical era to the logic of competition and cooperation in geo-economic era.There is a new differentiation and combination of geopolitical relations between countries and groups of countries.The study of global geography and geo-structure will help us understand the global geopolitical situation and grasp the political direction of the world systematically,so as to provide a real background and strong support for country analysis.In the face of the global economic recovery,the external environment in which global problems are aggravating and the internal environment in which the domestic economic development has entered a new normal,the 19th Plenum proposed that focusing on"the Belt and Road" construction,sticking in both the introduction and the going out to form an open pattern of land and sea linkage,and mutual aid from east to west.Through the active response and participation of the countries in the region and countries along the line,the depth and breadth of cooperation and exchange have been continuously strengthened.The function of node cities has been continuously improved,the economic corridor has been gradually prosperous,and the cooperation network has been gradually getting closer.The geopolitical cooperation among "Belt and Road" countries has become a major new feature of globalization.How to promote the optimization and development of geopolitical networks on the occasion of the "the Belt and Road" construction has made a good start and a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered is a major issue to be solved urgently in the new period of development in our country.Therefore,this study explores the time-space process of the connection between countries through the construction of geopolitical and geo-structural analysis models and research framework based on network perspective,fully exploiting the geopolitical information contained in the global media-covered event,recovers the spatio-temporal process of connection among countries,reveals the change of the geo-relationship,the spatial characteristics of nodes and networks and their formation mechanism,and forms the evolution law and pattern of geo-structure.On such basis,this paper analyzes the changes in the geographical cooperation among countries along the Belt and Road and the spatial differences in domestic response to the Belt and Road Initiative by using a complex network approach,and then explores the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China's geopolitical environment and optimization.This paper expands the research perspective of geopolitics and promotes its methodology construction and development,which is the purpose and value of this study.The countries and regions of concern to the global media coverage and the major events are the direct reflection of hotspot regions and hot issues.By counting the number of reported media events worldwide and using the Getis-Ord General G and hotspot analysis methods,the changes of the global geo-hotspot regions from 1980 to 2015 are revealed.The hotspot regions are concentrated in the continental margin.Countries in the hot spots mainly include the world's leading powers in economy,science and technology,and the military,the developing countries with rapidly developing economy,the traffic routes with important geographic location and superior resource endowments or the countries(regions)where important resources originate,as well as the international conflicts and the domestic situation Unstable country(region).At present,under the joint action of political multi-polarization,economic globalization,social informationization and regional integration,the world political and economic pattern is experiencing the deepest and fastest progress since the end of the Cold War.As the only country with global features,the United States plays a fundamental leading role in the international strategic landscape.The regional powers have a decisive role in the corresponding sub-regions and their unique influence on a global scale.The influence of the regional countries on the region is growing stronger and stronger;Regional countries rely on exporting political resources to conduct geopolitical gaming,adjust the geo-political environment and obtain the momentum for national development.According to the theory of spatial interaction and the theory of distance decay,by means of constructing a quantitative measurement model of geopolitical influence based on event data,it is found that from 1980 to 2015,the geopolitical influence of global countries and regions showed the evolution from "unipolar" to "multipolar".The rank system and the influential index of the world powers show a good temporal and spatial inertia.The Eurasian continental margin is the agglomeration area with high geopolitical influence index.The geopolitical influence of China,the United States and Russia is quite different.The promotion of China's geopolitical influence is mainly promoted through the enhancement of its economic strength.The enhancement of the U.S.geopolitical influence is a general result of advancement in the fields of economy,science and technology and military affairs.Russia's geopolitical influence lags behind China and the United States.On the one hand,it is reflected Russia lacks economic strength;on the other hand,because of its conflicts with other countries,it reduces its geopolitical influence index.The index of geopolitical influence in China showed the characteristics of "smooth first and then fast".Varied opening-up and foreign policies echoed the rising geopolitical index.The countries or regions that China has influence on has increased from 132 in 1980 to 210 in 2015.The expansion of influence intensity starts with East Asia?Southeast Asia?South Asia,West Asia ? Europe,Australia,North America?Africa and South America.The driving force of economic development,the coupling with developed countries,active cooperation and exchange with foreign countries,and government-led events are the main driving forces for raising the geopolitical influence in China.In the global geo-relational network,the countries with greater geographical influence also have a strong network center;the function of the country's gathering and diffusion of events is quite different,which is closely related to the level of national development,industrial structure and open policies Correlation.The global geo-relational network has typical complex network features,presenting a trend of increasing density and small-world enhancement.The first link between nations spatially represented a radiation pattern centered on the United States.China and Russia lag far behind the United States in their first contact.Over the past 35 years,the strength of geopolitical relations between countries has been improved qualitatively.The "taper" structure with low contact strength as the main body has evolved into a "fusiform" hierarchical network structure with the strength of the main link.The number of geo-relational online communities first increased and then decreased,forming a process of continuous integration of small communities into a large community,reflecting the gradual disappearance of geographical features as the connection strengthened.Based on the quantitative analysis of the node function types,the edge hierarchy and the community division of the global network,it is found that the global geopathic network has the characteristics of hierarchy,function difference and hub network,and further refine and summarize the global geography Structure evolution mechanism.Since 1980,the global geo-structure has shifted from the traditional"center of gravity" to the "hub network" mode.The evolutionary process is divided into three stages:multi-center-connected stage,one end and multiple node stage,dual-core agglomeration radiation stage.There are also three typical regional subsystems:single center focused structure,single center radiating structure and multi-core structure.Since the 90s of the 20th century,changes in the geo-environment have also led to significant changes in the drivers of the evolution of the geo-structure.First,science and technology play a leading role in the formation and evolution of the global geopolitical structure.Second,in the context of globalization,the status of geopolitics in the relations among nations has risen markedly.The traditional political and military means have given their way to economic and market means as an important tool in foreign affairs.Third,the coordinating role of international organizations has become more and more important.The "Belt and Road Initiative" has greatly improved China's open environment,economic and trade environment,energy security environment,infrastructure environment and domestic development pattern.With the continuous development of China and the "Belt and Road" construction,the rapid growth of cooperation among countries along the line and the decrease of the tendency of the gathering of cooperation events have reflected the reality that exchanges and cooperation among nations are intensified.Due to political,economic and cultural reasons,the Eurasian border countries are the high-density areas where cooperative events are distributed.Among them,the growth rate of China-related cooperation events "going out" and"bringing in" was prominent.The substantive cooperation incidents showed a trend of increasing year by year.The scope of the cooperation expanded to 64 countries along the route.The cooperation areas ranged from intergovernmental Cooperation as the main body,into a full range of trends in various fields.Through the strength of cooperation and co-operation among countries,it is found that the cooperation network has obvious spatial disparities and shows that the strength of ties among Central and Eastern Europe.West Asia/Middle East countries is generally strong.Central Asia is a trough of cooperation.East Asia,cored in China,shows a launch-like structure.After the "Belt and Road Initiative" was put forward,great changes have taken place in the cooperation and liaison among the provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions along the lines.Most of the provincial-level unit cooperation events increased significantly,regional disparities widened,showing a positive spatial correlation as a whole,and there is spatial dependence and typical "high and low adjacent" spatial negative correlation units.The coefficient of variation of the co-operation events in urban area increased,the regional disparity was large,and there was no spatial autocorrelation,presenting a single-nuclear polarization pattern of"high altitude and low surrounding area".The spatial disparities in the size of cooperative events in urban areas are much larger than those in provincial areas.There is no significant spatial autocorrelation of response index distribution in both provincial and urban units.However,there are obvious scale effects,both large-scale equilibrium and small-scale agglomeration.The extent of the construction of the "Belt and Road" in the domestic areas has changed even more.First,the cooperation base in the early stage of the coastal portals in Yanbian is larger.The second is the potential for greater cooperation in the inland areas with changes in infrastructure and national policies.In the aspect of cooperation flow pattern,the first flow shows the geographic proximity effect,the eastern coastal provinces have close cooperation with Southeast Asia,West Asia and the Middle East,while the border provinces have obvious border trade characteristics.Among them,Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia are closely linked with the cooperation between Mongolia and Russia plates,and Xinjiang and Tibet respectively rely mainly on Central Asia and South Asia,and Southwest provinces mainly rely on Southeast Asia.The network structure of the traffic flow between the countries in the region and the countries along the route is complicated and the number of streamlines increases significantly.Among them,the streamlines of small traffic always occupy the majority,and the streamlines of large-flow and long-distance cooperation events increase year by year,and the radiation range of provincial units has also significantly expanded.Finally,from the international and domestic perspectives and based on the evolutionary mechanism of the global geo-structure,we propose the optimization direction for the "Belt and Road".At the international level,the first is to strengthen economic and political exchanges with the countries in the Asia Pacific region and promote the development of APEC so as to consolidate China's leading position.Second,pay attention to the mature markets in Europe and the potential markets in Southeast Asia.Third,make use of the energy bases in West Asia/Middle East and the mineral bases in South America,South Africa and Oceania.At the domestic level,the Bohai Rim region is one of the starting points for the maritime Silk Road.The eastern coastal areas are the important origins and sources of the Silk Road on the sea.The South China Sea is an important starting point and core area for the ancient maritime Silk Road.The southwestern region Is the birthplace of the ancient Southern Silk Road and the ancient Tea-Horse Road.The northwest region is the core area of the ancient land-based Silk Road and is an important node area for participating in the construction of the "Belt and Road" in the future. |
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