Interactive Relation Between Commerce Chamber And Government From The End Of Qing To Early Republican

It is one of the focuses discussed by scholars in recent years that what the interactiverelation between modern China's state power and the folk society was like, among them,analyses taking chamber of commerce, which was regarded as folk society's representativestrength, as breakthrough point are highlight. Tianjin chamber of commerce, serving as theleading force in local business circle, objected to the Stamp Tax levying from 1908 to 1928.Exerting a dynamic-course analysis on that event can unfold, on micro aspect, how theybegan to interact when chambers of commerce and government authorities had conflicts ininterests. The state power planned to pursue its policies, but suffered quite successfulresistance from folk society. The folk society, relying mainly on those newly-developedorganizations (such as the chambers of commerce), employing political resources as much aspossible (such as local consulting committees, provincial consulting bureau, Congress, etc.),through the formal system expression (such as petition, submitting written statements or bills,or exerting parliament inquires, etc.) and through special way expression (such as employingvarious interpersonal relationship networks, refusing taxes, merchants striking,etc. ),madedialogues with the official side and gained somewhat success. The interaction course indicatesthat both the folk side and the official side were in the transitional course from tradition tomodern, and the relation between traditional factors and modern factors was extremelycomplicated and they were unified as contradiction in the course. The way in which the folksociety talked with government authorities, what was told with, resources and language used,and people's concepts in that era reflected from the course show us the vicissitudes fromtradition to modern. The fact shows, from Qing end to early Republican, the traditional order --obey relation between state power and folk society as a leading trend was weakening, and anew kind of expression-interaction relation began to appear. Such an attempt of reconstructingthe historical course from details may facilitate us to a better understand the reality in history:the real image of folk society interacting with state power.