| BackgroundAdjusting body,breath and mind are the basic operation contents of Qigong practice.Mind adjustment is one of the most core operations,and it is also the most difficult for beginners to master,and it is also the most prone to Qigong deviation.Compared with the adjustment of body and breath which is easy to observe,the scope of application of mind adjustment is not wide enough at present,and the reason is that the scientific connotation of mind adjustment is not clear enough.Revealing the inherent mechanism effect of mind adjustment operation is the difficulty and challenge faced by Qigong domain at present.Mind-keeping is the basic operation of Qigong mind adjustment.Exploring the effect characteristics of Mind-keeping is of great significance for understanding Qigong mind adjustment from a scientific perspective.ObjectiveBy collecting the electrophysiological data of the subjects in different states,using the techniques of brain functional connectivity analysis,relative power and heart rate variability analysis,and combining with the subjective self-assessment questionnaire to interpret the objective data each other,in order to reveal the characteristics of the effect of Mind-keeping.MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,this study included a total of 76 students.The subjects were stratified and randomly divided into training group and control group according to gender factors and Qigong practice experience factors.The training group received 8 weeks of Mind-keeping training.Collective training:5 times per week,once a day,a total of 40 times,30min/times;independent training:6 times a week,once a day,a total of 48 times,20min/times.The training consists of three stages,each of which is trained with different phonetic guide words.In the first stage,standing Mind-keeping training was carried out for 2 weeks;in the second stage,sitting Mind-keeping training was carried out on the basis of strengthening standing Mind-keeping training;in the third stage,pure sitting Mind-keeping training was carried out for 3 weeks.Carry out quality control in the training session,including subjects signing in,filling in questionnaires,trainers daily reminders,records,answering questions.The choices of the control group and the training group were the same,and the learning and living environments of the two groups were the same.The control group did not participate in the Mind-keeping training,did not know any operation process and content of the Mind-keeping training,and only participated in the data collection process in parallel with the training group.The physiological data of the two groups of subjects in different states were collected before and after training,and the 5min of resting,paying attention and Mind-keeping were observed.At the end of each state,the subjects filled in the subjective self-assessment questionnaire.The EEG data were collected by Neuroscan Nuamps,the sampling rate was 1000Hz.The ECG data were collected by Biopac MP150 and the sampling rate was 250Hz..After pre-processing the EEG data with reference electrode conversion,baseline correction and filtering,the weighted phase lag index(WPLI)between the electrodes in each frequency band is calculated to analyze the functional connectivity.Then the EEG preprocessing data are transformed by FFT transform,the absolute power of each frequency band is calculated,and the relative power of each frequency band is calculated according to the absolute power.RR interval data of ECG signals were extracted and heart rate variability(HRV)was analyzed.Before training,the WPLI and relative power of each frequency band,the parameters of HRV and the scores of self-assessment questionnaire were analyzed by repeated measurement variance of inter-group factor 2(with and without Qigong practice experience)X intra-group factor 3(state:resting,attention,Mind-keeping)X intra-group factor 3(each state period:pre period,middle period,post period).The differences of WPLI and relative power of each frequency band,HRV parameters and self-assessment questionnaire scores before and after training were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis of intergroup factor 2(intervention:training group,control group)X intergroup factor 2(experience:with and without Qigong practice experience)X intra-group factor 3(state:resting,attention,Mind-keeping)X intra-group factor 3(each state period:pre period,middle period,post period).The objective and subjective parameters were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results(1)Results of brain functional connectivity analysis:Compared with resting,Mind-keeping operation of WPLI in the beta2 band is enhanced(P<0.05),and its differential functional connectivity network is manifested in the left frontal pole,left and right occipital area,parietal area,central area,and temporal area.Compared with attention,The WPLI of Mind-keeping operation decreased in delta band(P<0.05),and its differential functional connectivity network manifested in the right frontal pole,left temporal area,central area,and parietal area.After Mind-keeping training,the WPLI of theta and alpha1 increased in Mind-keeping operation(P<0.05),while the WPLI of delta band decreased in resting(P<0.05).(2)Relative power analysis results:Compared with resting,the relative power of beta2 is lower in Mind-keeping(P<0.05),and the areas of difference are mainly concentrated in the parietal and occipital areas.Compared with attention,the relative power of beta2 and gamma is smaller in Mind-keeping(P<0.05),and the relative power of alphal band is larger(P<0.05).The relative power of theta in the middle period of Mind-keeping of those with Qigong practice experience is smaller(P<0.05).(3)HRV analysis results:Compared with various HRV parameters,HF power can reflect the characteristics of Mind-keeping.Compared with attention,the proportion of HF power for those who have Qigong practice experience is greater(P<0.05),and LF/HF is smaller(P<0.05),while those without Qigong practice experience also have this trend but not statistically significant(P>0.05).(4)Subjective self-assessment analysis results:Compared with resting,subjects without Qigong practice experience weakened self-consciousness(P<0.05),decreased inner quietness and body relaxation(P<0.05)when performing Mind-keeping and attention operations.Subjects with Qigong practice experience only decreased body relaxation(P<0.05)in attention operation,but the self-consciousness and inner quietness did not change in Mind-keeping(P>0.05).In the training group,the sense of self-consciousness increased after training(P<0.05),and the degree of inner quietness increased in resting(P<0.05).The scores of the control group before and after were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(5)Correlation analysis results:In Mind-keeping operations,the HF,Total of HRV and delta relative power of EEG for those without Qigong practice experience are positively correlated(r>0.4,P<0.05);There were strong correlations in Mind-keeping between inner quietness,body relaxation,and mental and physical pleasure(r>0.7,P<0.05).The inner quietness of those with Qigong practice experience was positively correlated with the total power of HRV(r>0.4,P<0.05),and the score of the mind-body self-assessment was positively correlated with the total and HF of HRV(r>0.4,P<0.05).Among the differences before and after training,the LF/HF of HRV was negatively correlated with the beta2 WPLI of EEG(r<-0.4,P<0.05),and the VLF of HRV was positively correlated with the delta WPLI of EEG(r>0.4,P<0.05).ConclusionsQigong Mind-keeping operation has the characteristic effect of "keeping the spirit in the interior".Compared with resting,the Mind-keeping in the beta2 band shows the characteristics of brain function connectivity and relative power that are related to the enhancement of cognitive ability and the weakening of conceptual thinking.Compared with attention,the delta band shows brain function connectivity characteristics,as well as the relative power characteristics of alphal,beta2,and gamma.This feature of Mind-keeping may be related to the state that "seem to keep and seem not to keep" of being alert and relaxing at the same time.The effect of Mind-keeping training can be reflected in the functional connectivity of theta,alphal and delta,and the practitioners' feelings are effectively improved after Mind-keeping training.The effect of Qigong practice experience can be reflected in the functional connectivity of theta,the relative power of alphal and beta2,and the proportion of HF of HRV.Those with Qigong practice experience can bring themselves mental and physical intervention effects through Mind-keeping. |
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