The Associations Of Mobile Phone Addiction Behaviors With Personal Characteristics,Mental Distress,Sleep Disturbances And Sleep Pattern Among Chinese College Students

Objectives:To analyze the personal characteristic of individuals with mobile phone addiction behaviors;the cross-sectional relationships of mobile phone addiction behaviors with,mental distress,sleep disturbances,and sleep patterns in the cross-sectional studies,and test the bidirectional associations of mobile phone addiction behaviors with mental distress,sleep disturbances,and sleep patterns.Methods:A total of 940 and 902 students participated at baseline and one-year follow-up,respectively.Socio-demographic factors and lifestyle factors was collected by self-designed questionnaires.Self-reported severity of mobile phone addiction was measured using Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire(MPIQ).Mental distress was evaluated by using Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Sleep disturbances were assessed by using Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS).Sleep patterns were evaluated by using reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire(rMEQ),weekday sleep duration,and weekend sleep duration.SPSS22.0 was used for descriptive statistics,t-test,Chi-square test,Spearman rank correlation test,multiple linear regression analysis,etc.The structural equation modeling was performed by AMOS 22.0(IBM SPSS Statistics.,Chicago,IL).Results:(1)The affecting factors of mobile phone addiction behaviors were female(?=3.06,P<0.001),daily duration of TV or internet(?=4.02,P<0.001),frequently alcohol drinking(?=2.13,P<0.01),chronic medical conditions(?=4.29,P<0.05),high study pressure(?=4.24,P<0.001)and low interest in study(? =2.69,P<0.001).(2)Cross-lagged analyses revealed a higher total score of BDI,SAS,and ISI predicted a greater likelihood of subsequent MPAB,but not vice versa.We found the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between MPAB and the total score of PSQI and ESS.Besides,a higher score of MPIQ at baseline predicts a subsequent lower total score of rMEQ and longer weekday sleep duration.Conclusions:(1)The affecting factors of mobile phone addiction behaviors were female,long duration of TV or internet,frequently alcohol drinking,chronic medical conditions,high study pressure and low interest in study.(2)Anxiety,depression,and insomnia symptoms play a significant role in the promotion of MPAB among young adults.The negative effect of MPAB was shown by the preference for later chronotype and longer weekday sleep duration in the study.We also found the bidirectional relationship between MPAB and several sleep disturbances,including sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness.Therefore,we should strengthen the early intervening measure for mental health problems and sleep disturbances to prevent the addiction behaviors related to mobile phones among young people.Besides,the adverse impact of excessive using mobile phones should be focused around the campus.