The Study Of Compatibility Of "Chan" Disease Based On Data Mining Of Ancient And Modern Literature

Objective"Chan" disease is a disease with head or limbs involuntary tremor,shaking,or spasm of limbs as the main symptoms.It mainly affects the people over 60 years old,and will eventually lead the patients to paralysis,causing great pain to them.Chinese doctors believe Parkinson' s disease belong to "Chan" disease.The number of "Chan"disease has an upward trend in China,there are a few strategies to treat Parkinson' s disease by western medicine,but the strategies cannot delay the disease progress,nor can they treat for the pathology of the disease.So,it is difficult to solve the plight of patients.Since ancient times,many Chinese doctors have obtained certain effect by using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to treat "Chan" disease,and accumulated rich experience from clinical work,then,there are a large number of TCM literature.Therefore,it is a new research direction to explore the effective information of the treatment of“Chan”disease from the literature of traditional Chinese medicine.By means of data mining,we can summarize and analyze the experience of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and transform it into objective and specific knowledge,which can provide reference for clinical decision-making.It is a new research direction to solve the treatment dilemma of "Chan" disease.On the other hand,due to the lack of research on the relationship between syndrome-formula,it is difficult to discuss the treatment based on syndrome differentiation in depth.Syndrome factors and compatibility are the information units of syndrome and formula respectively,which can reflect the specific characteristics of syndrome type and formula,"syndrome factors-compatibility" relationship is a more specific embodiment of the relationship between the formula and syndrome.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to investigate the TCM' s theories of the etiology and pathogenesis of "Chan" disease from modern and ancient TCM literature,and to find out the laws of ancient people treating“Chan”disease by means of data mining to get more information for treatment based on syndrome differentiation of "Chan" disease.Another purpose of this research is to transform the relationship between syndrome and formula into the relationship between syndrome factors and compatibility,making the laws behind them clearly by means of datamining,and the compatibilities corresponding to different syndrome factors not only are objective and concrete,but also do not deviate from the system of syndrome differentiation and treatment.So that flexible reference information was gotten for the treatment of syndrome differentiation of "Chan" disease.MethodsThis research includes five parts.The first part is the study of theories about pathogenesis and treatment based on the ancient literature related to "Chan" diseases since the Qin Dynasty.The second part is a review of the present the research of "Chan" diseases(or Parkinson's Disease)about studies of the pathogenesis,treatment strategies and data mining.The third part is a brief introduction of data mining and the thought of corresponding of formula and syndrome.In the fourth part,literatures with all drugs recorded are collected from the 5th edition of Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese medicine,and drugs were extracted to calculate the frequencies of different drugs and to analyze their association rules.The fifth part is the data mining of the modern literature.Retrieved the formula about the movement symptoms of "Chan" disease(or Parkinson' s Disease)published since the establishment of the following databases:CNKI,CSPD,VIP,and CBM.In this part,syndromes,formula,drugs were extracted from literatures and the syndromes were converted into different syndrome factors,then frequencies of drugs and syndrome factors were calculated and the association rules between drugs and syndrome factors were analyzed by Python language.Finally,the characteristics of therapeutic method of ancient were compared with those of today,and the compatibilities which corresponding to different syndrome factors were discussed too.Results108 articles were included.111 ancient prescriptions were extracted from these articles.Association rules obtained by data mining is represented in the form of implicit " antecedent?succedent".245 drugs were recorded in the prescription.Among them,the 10 commonly were Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,Poria,Angelicae sinensis radix,Saposhnikoviae radix,Ginseng radix et rhizoma,Chuanxiong rhizoma,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Paeoniae radix alba,Cinnabar,Prepared common monkshood branched root.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Poria?Ginseng radix et rhizoma,Pori a?Angel i cae sinensis radix,Saposhnikoviae radix?Chuanxiong rhizoma,Musk?L-BORNEOLUM,Bombyx batryticatus?Gastrodiae rhizoma.The 3 most common four qi were warm,adiaphorous and mild-warm.The 3 most common five flavors were sweet,pungent and bitter.The 5 most common channel tropism of drugs were liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney.The prescription of ancient literatures recorded a total of 24 efficiencies,the top 5 were relieving superficies syndrome,replenishing qi,suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind,calming the mind,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,and the characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included tranquillization?replenishing qi,(replenishing blood,relieving superficies syndrome)?replenishing qi,(dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness,replenishing qi)?relieving superficies syndrome,(resuscitation,dissipating phlegm)?promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,and(tranquillization,dispelling pathogenic wind and removing dampness)?relieving superficies syndrome.176 modern articles were included.111 prescriptions were extracted from these articles in which 245 drugs were recorded.Among them,the 10 commonly were Paeoniae radix alba,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Angelicae sinensis radix,Poria,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,Scorpio,Bombyx batryticatus,Cornifructus,Chuanxiong rhizoma.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Gastrodiae rhizome?Paeoniae radix alba?Gastrodiae rhizome ?Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Rehmanniae radix praeparata Paeoniae radix alba,(Achyranthis bidentatae radix,Poria)Gastrodiae rhizome,(Testudinis carapax et plastrum,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma)?Paeoniae radix alba.The 3 most common four qi were warm,adiaphorous and mild-cold.The 3 most common five flavors were sweet,pungent and bitter.The 5 most common channel tropism of drugs were liver,kidney,spleen,heart,and lung.The prescription of modern literatures recorded a total of 20 efficiencies,the top 5 were suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind,replenishing blood,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,replenishing qi and invigorating yin,the characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included replenishing blood?suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind,promoting blood circulation for removing stasis?suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind,replenishing blood?promoting blood circulation for removing stasis,replenishing blood?replenishing qi,and(promoting blood circulation for removing stasis,replenishing yin)?suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind.There were 64 types of syndrome in the modern literatures,and 23 syndromes factors were extracted from syndromes.These 23 factors indicate the location and nature of the disease.They are:liver,kidney,yin deficiency,blood stasis,wind,deficiency,qi deficiency,blood deficiency,phlegm,channels and collaterals,hot(fire),yang deficiency,qi stagnation,dampness(water),essence deficiency,spleen,brain,fire,cold,heart,yang hyperactivity,toxins,liver constraint,depletion of fluid.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included(liver,kidney)?yin deficiency,(liver,kidney)?deficiency,blood deficiency?qi deficiency,(hot(fire),wind)?phlegm.The frequency calculation and association rule analysis were carried out on 12 kinds of syndromes with frequency not less than 10.The results are as follows:There were 142 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors "yin deficiency" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Paeoniae radix alba,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Cornifructus,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome,Angelicae sinensis radix,Scorpio,Lycii fructus,Fossilia ossia mastoid,Ostreae concha.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Rehmanniae radix praeparata?Cornifructus,Dioscoreae rhizoma?Cornifructus,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis?Scorpio,Fossilia ossia mastodi?Ostreae concha,(Picriae herba,Fossilia ossia mas todi)?Ostreae concha.There were 142 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors "blood stasis" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Paeoniae radix alba,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Chuanxiong rhizome,Angelicae sinensis radix,Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome,Scorpio,Persicae semen,Croci stigma,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Bombyx batryticatus.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Persicae semen ?Croci stigma,Pheretima?Chuanxiong rhizoma,(Chuanxiong rhi zome,Persicae semen)?Croci stigma,(Paeoniae radix rubra,Astragali radix)?Croci stigma.There were 139 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors "wind" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Paeoniae radix alba,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Scorpio,Bombyx batryticatus,Poria,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome,Rehmanniae radix,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Cornifructus.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Scorpio?Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Bombyx batryticatus?Scorpio,Rehmanniae radix praeparatar?Corni fructus,(Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Pinelliae rhizoma)?Arisaema cum bile,(Eucommiae cortex,Corni fructus)?Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma,Cuscutae semem?Cornifructus,(Bombyx batryticatus,Scolopendra)?Scorpio.There were 137 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors"deficiency"and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Gastrodiae rhizoma,Paeoniae radix alba,Rehmanniae radix praepara ta,Cornifructus,Angel icae sinensis radix,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Testudinis carapax et plastrum,Poria,Lycii fructus.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Uncariae ramulus cum uncis?Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Cornifructus?Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Lycii fructus?Ostreae concha,(Ostreae concha,Pori a)?Dioscoreae rhizoma,(Testudinis carapax et plastrum,Trionycis carapax)?Ostreae concha.There were 121 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors "qi deficiency" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Paeoniae radix alba,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Astragali radix,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Poria,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Chuanxiong rhizoma,A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Poria?Astragali radix,A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizome?Poria,(Astragali radix,A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizome)?Poria,Scorpio?Gastrodiae rhizoma,(Croci stigma,Astragali radix)?Persicae semen,Persicae semen?Croci stigma.There were 119 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors "blood deficiency" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Paeoniae radix alba,Angel icae sinensis radix,Gas trodi ae rhizoma,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Astragali radix,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma,Chuanxiong rhizoma,Poria,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Cornifruc tus?Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Poria?A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma,(As tragali radix,Poria)?A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma,Dioscoreae rhizoma?Eucommiae cortex.There were 133 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors " phlegm"and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Gastrodiae rhizoma,Paeoniae radix alba,Arisaema cum bile,Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Pori a,Bombyx batryticatus,Pinelliae rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma,Scorpio,Rehmanniae radix praeparat.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Scorpio?Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,(Arisaema cum bile,Poria)?Pinelliae rhizoma,(Pinelliae rhizoma,Arisaema cum bile)?Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Achyranthis bidentatae radix?Haliotidis concha.There were 107 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors" hot(fire)" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Gas trodiae rhizome,Paeoniae radix alba,Poria,Uncariae ramulus cum unci s,Arisaema cum bile,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome,Pinelliae rhizome,Citri reticulatae pericarpium,Eucommiae cortex,Scorpio.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Margaritifera concha?Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome,(Scorpio,Arisaema cum bile)?Pinelliae rhizoma,(Testudinis carapax et plastrum,Cornifructus)?Chuanxiong rhizoma?There were 97 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors " yang deficiency " and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Paeoniae radix alba,Poria,Cistanches herba,Gas trodi ae rhizoma,Cornifruc tus,Chuanxiong rhizome,Aconm lateralis radix praeparaia,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome,Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Salviae mil tiorrhizae radix et rhizome.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Polygalae radix Morindea officinalis radix,(Schisandrae chinensis fruc tus,Prepared common monkshood branched root)?Ophiopogonis radix,Schisandrae chinensis fructus?Ophiopogonis radix,(Prepared common monkshood branched root,Cornifructus)Ophiopogonis radix,(Aconm lateralis radix praeparaia,Zingiberis rhizome recens)?Jujubae fructus?There were 82 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors " qi stagnation " and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Bupleuri radix,Chuanxiong rhizome,Paeoniae radix alba,Angelicae sinensis radix,Poria,Croci stigma,Scorpio,Persicae semen,Curcumae radix,Paeoniae radix rubra.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Persicae semen?Croci stigma,(Chuanxiong rhizoma,Persicae semen)?Croci stigma,(Chuanxiong rhizoma,Achyranthis bidentatae radix)?Cyperi rhizome,(Bupleuri radix,Achyranthis bidentatae radix)?Curcumae radix?There were 80 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors " dampness(water)" and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome,Poria,Paeoniae radix alba,Citri reticulatae peri carpium,Uncariae ramulus cum unci s,Arisaema cum bile,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome,Gastrodiae rhizome,Pinelliae rhizome,Angel icae sinensis radix.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included Arisaema cum bile?Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Pheretima?Scorpio,(Poria,Arisaema cum bile)?Saigae tataricae cornu,(Uncariae ramulus cum uncis,Poria)?Saigae tataricae cornu,,Pinelliae rhizoma?A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizome,Amomi fructus?Poria,Dioscoreae rhizoma?A tractylodis macrocephalae rhizome.There were 57 drugs corresponding to syndromes factors " essence deficiency "and the top 10 most frequent drugs were Rehmanniae radix praeparata,Paeoniae radix alba,Trionycis carapax,Angelicae sinensis radix,Testudinis carapax et plastrum,Bombyx batryticatus,Polygoni multiflora radix praeparata,A cori ta tari on wi i rhizoma,Gas trodiae rhizoma,Asini corii colla.The characteristic association rules of drugs mainly included(Trionycis carapax,Testudinis carapax et plastrum)?Asini corii colla,(Testudinis carapax et plastrum,Lycii fructus)?Polygonati rhizome,Achyranthis bidentatae radix?Astragali Complanati Semen,(Rehmanniae radix,Rehmanniae radix praeparata)?Alpiniae oxyphyliae fructus,(Polygoni multiflora radix praeparata,Rehmanniae radix praeparata)?Alpiniae oxyphyliae fructus,(Trionycis carapax,Ophiopogonis radix)?Schisandrae chinensis fructus,(Ophiopogonis radix,Testudinis carapax et plastrum)?Schisandrae chinensis fructus.Paeoniae radix alba,Gastrodiae rhizoma,Angelicae sinensis radix,Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma were commonly used in the prescriptions corresponding to the twelve kinds of syndromes factors,so that they were essential compatibility.The essential compatibility and the drugs obtained from frequency analysis and association rule analysis formed formula of the 12 syndrome factors.By comparing the results of formula excavation of ancient literature and modern literature,it is found that the drugs of calming the liver and relieving wind,activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis and replenishing qi are used more frequently.The characteristics of the ancient data was treating the heart obviously,so the tranquilizing drugs were used more frequency;now people are more inclined to treat liver and kidney,and used the drugs which had replenishing yin and blood frequently.ConclusionThe results of data mining of syndrome factors and drugs in modern literature show that:the common drugs corresponding to different syndrome factors of " Chan" disease are different,and the compatibilities corresponding to different syndrome factors also has its own characteristics respectively.Because of the complexity of"Chan" disease,the compatibilities corresponding to a same syndrome factor had different priorities.Starting from"syndrome factors-compatibility" relationship,the results obtained by data mining are objective and specific,which can be used as a flexible reference for treatment based on syndrome differentiation.There are similarities and differences in the treatment of "Chan" disease in ancient and modern Chinese medicine,which is closely related to the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of it in ancient and modern times.Using python language,we can analyze the frequency and association rules of the syndrome factors and drugs of "Chan" disease,and they have expansibility.This method can provide reference for the similar research of other diseases.