| Salar people is one of the minority ethnic groups with a small population in China with less populations,mainly living in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County on the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Salar people are good at gardening and the management of their homegardens.They are considered to be the earliest people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to engage in horticulture,especially managing their gardens,traditional farming systems and auxiliary food production systems.Salar traditional knowledge associated with their HGs has always made a significant contribution to local livelihoods,food security,cultural values and biodiversity conservation.In rural areas of China,especially in some mountainous areas,there is a long tradition of growing different crops in their own gardens to achieve self-sufficiency.However,there has been no research on the traditional garden ecosystem of the Salar people.Therefore,this study investigated a total of 120 Salar HGs in 22 villages in4 townships,taking each garden as a sample.Salar homegarden system is regarded as an ecosystem of "people-culture-house-biology-environment",and the system's attribute characteristics,garden manager characteristics,structure,functions and type,biodiversity are analyzed as a whole.and influencing factors and ecosystem services.The methods used in this work include participatory rural assessment(PRA),semi-structured interviews(participatory observation,questionnaires,snowballing techniques,expert scoring,ethnobotany)and methods of analysis of findings(bibliometric analysis,Arc GIS,SWOT analysis,REOF analysis,geographic detectors,correlation analysis,Margalef richness index,Shanon-wienner diversity index).(1)According to literature research and field investigation,the Salar origin is one of the ethnic minorities in my country formed by moving east from Central Asia to China in the13 th century.In the long-term historical evolution,it has formed its own unique cultural customs.In the field investigation and participatory observation,this paper established a calendar of agricultural activities in Salar HGs,and garden agriculture and agricultural activities also formed the characteristics of Salar agriculture.At the same time,this paper investigates and analyzes the basic characteristics of Salar HGs and managers.The Salar HGs are also classified according to 3 different classification methods.The wattled-wall house is the most distinctive traditional dwelling of the Sala nationality,and it is the ecological wisdom of the Salar people to adapt to local conditions.In this study,11 kinds of plant building materials used in the construction of the wattled-wall house were mainly investigated,and the vegetation types in the main gathering areas of the wattled-wall house were analyzed.This shows that the local natural environment and vegetation conditions have created the wattled-wall house to take local materials and use a wealth of plant building materials.Since the wattled-wall houses are on the verge of extinction,we simulated and analyzed the distribution of fence buildings,and simulated a total of 2,680 wattled-wall house,but there are only 21 actually left.Therefore,this study proposes ways and suggestions on how to protect wattled-wall house.(2)After analyzing the structure and function of the 120 Salar gardens we selected,it is concluded that the space in the Salar gardens is divided into 13 kinds of land units.Among the land use types,the largest proportion of the area is paved ground,followed by planting area.The land use types of each Salar garden range from 3-12.The horizontal structure is divided into 3 categories,namely living area(main house,toilet,kitchen,running pool),production area(planting area in front and rear yard,outside garden),functional area(livestock shed,firewood house,carport,utility room).The vertical vegetation structure of the Salar garden is divided into three layers: the ground layer(< 3m),the upper layer(3-10m),and the highest layer(10-15 m).The factors affecting the structure and composition of Salar gardens are analyzed and summarized,and the analysis is carried out from the aspects of geographical location,environmental conditions,role in the farming system,family socioeconomic status and culture.Aiming at the "three-life space" from the functional perspective of land use based on the Salar garden ecosystem,it is divided into production function,living function and ecological function,which are respectively production function(food supplement,garden product income,livestock shed),living functions(human habitation,cultural functions,leisure aesthetics,)ecological functions(fuel storage,small-scale experimental fields,biodiversity reservoirs,environmental regulation)(3)Salar gardens show great biodiversity.A total of 115 plant species in 43 families(excluding weeds and bonsai)were recorded in this study.4-43 species were found in each Salar garden,and these species contained 42 ornamental plants,27 vegetables,24 fruit and other plants.Ornamentals were the most species-rich in the use category,followed by vegetables,fruits and 15 other uses.The five most popular species in Salar gardens were analyzed by relative frequency: rose(Rosa chinensis Jacq.),apricot(Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.),plum(Prunus salicina Lindl.),jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.),Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).Using geographic detectors and correlation analysis,the influencing factors of Salar garden plants on the urban-rural gradient are analyzed: the factors with strong decisive and significant influence include: homestead area,planting area,average age,homestead year and family There are 5 kinds of population,and the remaining 4 factors are weak and have no obvious correlation.The garden area or homestead area has a greater impact on the composition of garden plants.In summary,the garden area or homestead area has a greater determining force for the four types of garden vegetation types: ornamental,vegetable,fruit,and other types,and are positively correlated,and the decisive force is also greater under the urban-rural gradient.This indicated that the garden area or the homestead area had a special effect on the garden plant species diversity of the Salar people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(4)In this study,an evaluation index system for the service value of the Salar garden ecosystem was constructed.It is believed that the service value of the Salar garden ecosystem has 15 kinds of service characterization indicators,among which 3 kinds represent the garden ecosystem regulation service,2 kinds represent the garden ecosystem support service,4 kinds of garden ecosystem production services,6 kinds of garden ecosystem cultural services,according to experts and managers,the most important service value of Salar garden ecosystem is cultural services,followed by production services to provide green food and Food supplements are the mainstay.The regulation service of Salar garden ecosystem increases gradually with the increase of urban distance,while the supply service gradually weakens with the increase of urban distance.This paper conducts a comprehensive study of the Salar HGs ecosystem and the characteristic residential wattled-wall house,plant diversity and ecosystem services in the system,and reveals the wattled-wall house,home garden plant diversity,home garden ecosystem services and the status of the fence buildings under the urban-rural gradient.Changes are of great significance to the protection and development of traditional Salar dwellings,garden biodiversity and garden ecosystems. |
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