Research On The Impact Of China Railway Express On Trade Growth And Trade Structure Of Domestic Cities

The "One Belt One Road" construction has opened up passages from China to Central and Western Asia,Europe and other regions to the west,strengthened the political,economic,trade and cultural exchanges between China and countries along the route,and promoted the process of my country's "opening to the west".The key to the new pattern of opening up during the Five-Year Plan period.As a benchmarking demonstration project of my country's "One Belt and One Road" initiative,in the process of continuous advancement of the "One Belt One Road" construction,China-Europe Express has played its role as a bridge and carrier to continuously promote economic and trade exchanges between China and countries along the route,which has given birth to more and more The more vigorous international logistics demand.Since its opening,the scale of China-Europe Express trains has been expanding,the number of cities has been increasing,and the construction of lines and ports has been gradually improved.The opening of the China Railway Express means the establishment of a city's international transport cooperation mechanism.The question that this article focuses on is whether the China Railway Express can promote trade growth and optimization of trade structure in domestic cities?Only by clarifying the above issues can we objectively evaluate the effectiveness of my country's China Railway Express and its related policies,and then provide a basis for promoting the high-quality development of urban foreign trade.As a new land trade channel and a new mechanism for cross-border freight cooperation running on the Eurasian continent,the China-Europe express train provides a suitable quasi-natural experimental sample for the study of this article.By reviewing the literature,sorting out the institutional background and characteristic facts,this paper empirically analyzes the causal relationship between the opening of the China Railway Express to the growth of domestic urban trade and the optimization of trade structure,and draws a series of theoretical and practical research conclusions.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:First of all is the literature review of international and domestic transportation channels and their related effects.It sorts out the relevant development history and economic effects of international and domestic transportation channels,especially railway transportation channels,and reviews and analyzes the effects of the construction and development of the China Railway Express,trade promotion,and urban influences,which are relevant for the full text.Part of the research has laid the theoretical foundation.The second is to put forward the theoretical mechanism and research hypothesis on the impact of the China Railway Express on the trade growth and trade structure of domestic cities.According to the trade cost theory,government subsidies and the related theories of enterprise exports,this paper analyzes the impact of China Railway Express on the trade growth and trade structure of domestic cities,and proposes that the"point-to-point" export model of China Railway Express can reduce the fixed cost of corporate exports and can become This in turn promotes the opening of research hypotheses about the growth of urban trade scale and the optimization of trade structure.On this basis,discuss and put forward the research hypothesis that China Railway Express promote the growth of domestic urban trade through subsidies and market gravity,and analyze and propose the relationship between the trade growth effect of China Railway Express and the optimization effect of trade structure from the perspective of different city attributes.Heterogeneity research hypothesis.The third is the development status of China Railway Express and China's foreign trade.By expounding the institutional background and characteristic facts of the development of the China Railway Express,the status quo of foreign trade development in China and various cities,and analyzing the synergistic trend characteristics of the development of China Railway Express and foreign trade,etc.,this article finds out the trade growth of the China Railway Express to the domestic cities.The factual basis for the effect and the optimization effect of the trade structure provide a good realistic basis.The fourth is an empirical analysis of the effect of the opening of China Railway Express on trade growth in domestic cities.Using the double difference model,based on the 2004-2017 urban import and export data,the Operating data of the China-Europe express train,and the city characteristic data,the impact of the opening of the China Railway Express on the growth of urban trade was identified.From the two channels of subsidy incentives and market gravity,the intermediate mechanism of the trade growth effect of China Railway Express is investigated.The robustness of the main estimation results is verified by considering different trade types and transportation methods,inter-city opening interference and spillover effects,controlling the status of the railway network,other transportation advantages and related trade policy factors,and placebo tests.Fifth,an empirical analysis of the effect of China Railway Express on the optimization of the trade structure of domestic cities.Using the double difference model,based on the 2004-2016 customs database,the impact of the opening of the China Railway Express on the city's trade structure was identified.The heterogeneity of the trade structure optimization effect of the opening of China Railway Express is observed from the characteristics of different city locations and industrial structure.By considering inter-city opening interference and spillover effects,railway network centrality,other trade policies,and placebo tests,the robustness of the main estimation results is verified.And separately from the perspective of product technology complexity and the perspective of trade subjects,further explored the impact of the opening of China Railway Express trains on the trade structure,and obtained conclusions that are mutually corroborating with the previous article.Sixth,the policy enlightenment of China Railway Express and foreign trade development.Based on the development history,characteristics and existing problems of the China Railway Express,and its in-depth analysis of the effects of trade growth and trade structure optimization in cities along the domestic route,and based on the main research conclusions,promote the high-quality development of my country-Europe Railway Express and promote foreign trade growth and trade.Relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for structural optimization for reference by the policy formulation and implementation departments of our country.Through the above research,this article draws the following valuable conclusions:First,we should make full use of the impact of the opening of China Railway Express to study its impact on trade growth and trade structure.The existing literature lacks the accuracy of the impact of the opening of China Railway Express.There is a lack of research on the trade effects of China Railway Express;second,China Railway Express has developed rapidly on the basis of the construction of international railway passages and transportation cooperation mechanisms;third,the essence of the opening of China Railway Express is the establishment of international transport cooperation mechanisms From the comparison of related trends,there is a certain synergy or positive correlation between the opening scale of China Railway Express and the scale of import and export trade;fourth,China Railway Express trains have a significant stimulating effect on the growth of import and export trade in domestic cities.And this kind of trade promotion effect is realized through two intermediate mechanisms of subsidy incentives and market gravity.At the same time,the opening of China Railway Express is conducive to the employment of urban personnel,the entry of enterprises and the increase of profits;Fifth,China Railway Express opens urban import and export trade to China The structure has a significant optimization effect,and this optimization effect is greater in the central and western cities and the regions where the output value of the secondary industry accounts for a higher proportion.At the same time,it was also found that the opening of the China Railway Express can significantly promote the increase in the technical complexity of trade products,further verifying the optimization effect of the opening of the China Railway Express on the trade structure.This article mainly has the following four aspects of contributions and possible innovations:First,based on the nature of the international cooperation mechanism of the opening of the China Railway Express,rather than the nature of the construction of transportation infrastructure,the construction of international transportation channels has an impact on trade growth and trade structure.Second,it takes full consideration of factors such as distance and market,and grasps the impact of the structural changes in the opening of urban international transportation channels,reveals the market gravity transmission mechanism of the trade growth effect of the opening of China Railway Express,as well as the domestic geographic location.Heterogeneity performance in the location dimension.Third,based on the investigation of the background of the Chinese system,the key role of financial subsidies in making up for the inferiority of the freight rate of China Railway Express and reducing the overall logistics cost of the city,and then explained the effect of the opening of train subsidies on the trade growth from the perspective of trade costs.At the same time,it discusses the disadvantages of excessive government subsidies in the optimization of urban trade structure,and provides empirical evidence for the correctness of subsidy decline.Fourth,from the perspective of data support,this paper establishes a "China Railway Express Database"."To systematically integrate the operational data,city data,and customs data of China Railway Express across databases,which is a key advantage in forming the characteristics of China Railway Express theoretical research and policy research.