Research On Ecological Wisdom Of Traditional Settlement Landscape Construction Of Yi Minority In Southwest China

Southwest China is a multi-ethnic community.Ethnic groups are diverse and complex.While adapting to the general characteristics of living environment,each ethnic group also shown its unique characteristics in culture,religion,customs and other aspects.The Yi minority was one of the most important ethnic groups.The Yi minority originated from the ancient Qiang tribe which developed in parallel with the culture of the Central Plains.The geographical distribution of the Yi minority spaned several climatic zones and geographical units.After the mutual integration with the indigenous culture in the southwest area,the Yi ethnic group was formed.It has played an important role in promoting the formation and development of each ethnic culture in this area.Under the comprehensive influence of multi-culture,complex geographical landform,climate environment and natural resources,the traditional settlement landscape with significant regional differences has been promoted.At the same time,its construction process also accumulated rich experience of man-land coordination,which was the concentrated embodiment of the ecological wisdom of the Yi minority.However,with the deepening of urbanization to the southwest,a large number of traditional Yi villages have been replaced by "new villages" with "one thousand villages".In this process,the disregard of cultural value,spatial value and ecological value seriously threatened the inheritance and continuation of the ecological wisdom of the Yi minority.How to use the existing traditional settlements to explore the ecological wisdom contained in them and realize the reconstruction of their landscape value has important academic research value and practical guiding significance.This paper took the traditional settlement landscape of Yi minority distributed in three typical areas: Liangshan,central Yunnan and Honghe as the research object,explored its overall characteristics and the relationship with the natural environment,and guided its renewal and reconstruction process.Based on literature research and field investigation,spatial analysis,measured analysis,statistical analysis and comparative analysis were used comprehensively,and the research scope of settlement landscape was combined.This paper interpreted the ecological wisdom contained in the landscape construction process of traditional settlements of Yi minority in Southwest China from three aspects: cultural wisdom,environmental adaptation wisdom and production and living wisdom.Further,the relationship between the natural environment and the cultural connotation,social structure,resource utilization and material space of the settlement landscape was deeply analyzed from multiple levels,such as the regional environment,the surrounding environment of the settlement,landscape elements of the settlement and traditional architecture of the settlement.It revealed the logic of environmental adaptation and the fundamental connotation of "human-nature" coordination in settlement landscape construction.The results shown that the natural environment is an important factor affecting the formation of settlement landscape,which is reflected by traditional culture,material space and production and living practice.Specifically,traditional culture recorded the coordination process between landscape construction and natural environment in settlements,and constructed the relationship of "environment-traditional culture-space" represented by sacrificial culture,social relations,faith worship and nature worship.Physical space expressed the result of coordination between landscape construction of settlement and natural environment under specific space-time background,and constructed the "environment-space" relationship represented by settlement layout,landscape elements,architectural space and material application.The practice of production and living revealed the purpose of coordination between landscape construction and natural environment in settlements,and constructed the relationship of "environment-production-living-space" represented by sustainable production,production water use,domestic water use and production mode.In addition,the ecological wisdom contained in the landscape construction of traditional settlements of Yi minority in Southwest China was a closely connected whole,which was embodied in systematicness,duality and multidimension.In summary,there were three different ways to express the traditional settlement landscape of Yi minority in Southwest China in the alpine cold region of Liangshan,the moderate region of central Yunnan and the dry and hot region of Honghe.The natural environment was the dominant factor that caused its difference characteristics.The ecological wisdom of landscape construction of traditional settlements of Yi minority in Southwest China was composed of cultural wisdom,environmental adaptation wisdom and production and living wisdom,which was reflected in the harmonious relationship between the four dimensions of culture,society,resources and space and the natural environment,among which the "environment-space" relationship was its essential feature.Accurate understanding of the multi-dimensional features of ecological wisdom could provide useful guidance and inspiration for the inheritance and development of traditional landscape features of Yi people in Southwest China and the sustainable development of mountain towns.