The Archaeological Study Of Prehistoric House Sites In The Loess Plateau Region

The prehistoric house sites in the Loess Plateau were first discovered in the Laoguantai culture about 8000 years ago,and developed continuously to the end of the late Longshan period around 1800 BC,which has experienced a long development process of 4000 years.In this paper,920 prehistoric house sites which have been published with detailed graphic and graphic data are collected as the research object.The classification criteria include the structure of the foundation,the structure of wall materials,the distribution of column holes,the spatial combination and the plane shape.They are divided into three categories: vertical cave type,horizontal hole type and ground type.Each category is divided into sub categories and sub categories,so as to systematically construct the classification system of prehistoric houses on the Loess Plateau.On the basis of classification research,this paper takes the cultural sequence of the Neolithic Age in the Loess Plateau as the time scale,analyzes the cultural attribute and age of each house site,and sorts out the change context of various house sites,so as to divide the development and evolution of prehistoric house sites in the Loess Plateau into four periods.Through the analysis and technical restoration of the important building structure characteristics in various kinds of houses,it is shown that the building materials used in the load-bearing components are the key to the technical selection.Therefore,the prehistoric house site technology in the Loess Plateau can be divided into wood structure system and non wood structure system.The development of these two technical systems shows a trend of ebb and flow,basically corresponding to the stage of development of prehistoric housing sites in the Loess Plateau.In fact,the evolution of prehistoric housing construction technology in the Loess Plateau is around the development and utilization of building materials as the core.Based on this point of view,through the analysis of the influencing factors of the site evolution in each stage,we can find that the development of prehistoric house sites in the Loess Plateau includes two ways: reform and development."Change" is resource-oriented.The transformation of prehistoric houses on the Loess Plateau from wooden building system to non wooden building system reflects this process."Development" is oriented by social needs.The deepening of social complexity puts forward higher requirements for housing construction,which leads to the progress of construction technology.The appearance of convex house site and Lu shaped house site is the technical innovation made by the ancestors of Loess Plateau for the structural defects of cave dwelling buildings.With the vigorous development of cave dwelling architecture,the convex structure and the space layout of LV shape are endowed with certain cultural significance on the basis of their architectural functions,and they are used in many high-level non cave dwelling buildings in the late Longshan period,which has the level symbolism to a certain extent.This phenomenon first appeared in the Shanxi Shaanxi plateau area,and then gradually spread to the whole loess plateau,becoming an important architectural cultural identity in this area,indicating that a relatively unified architectural cultural identity has been formed in this vast area.The historical influence and significance of prehistoric houses on the Loess Plateau is extremely far-reaching.In terms of technical history,the unique column grid technology and rammed earth bearing wall technology in the prehistoric period of the Loess Plateau laid an important technical foundation for the development of ancient Chinese architectural technology;in terms of social history,the change of living style since the late Yangshao period has affected the changes of settlement form,social structure and population relationship to a certain extent,which may be the society of Longshan period in the Loess Plateau area In terms of cultural history,the connotation of "Palace" in oracle bone inscriptions and the concepts of "front hall and back room" and "front court and back room" originated from the Loess Plateau,which is the result of the development of LV shaped house site for thousands of years.