Effectiveness Evaluation And Development Research Of Renewable Energy Generation Policies

Energy is the foundation of economic and human social,and renewable energy is an important part of the energy supply system.Accelerating the development and utilization of renewable energy has become a global consensus.Countries around the world actively build renewable energy incentive mechanisms and have introduced a series of related policies.The effective evaluation of renewable energy policies is important basis for the design and adjustment of policies.This paper systematically studies the effects of renewable energy generation policies,analyzes the entry point,emphasis,institutional characteristics and historical evolution of renewable energy generation policies,clarifies the mechanism of policies,and provides scientific basis suggestions for future policy.This paper builds a dual-perspective and dual-dimensional analysis framework system to systematically study the effects of renewable energy generation policies.The dual-perspective framework is to analyze the effect of renewable energy policy from both international and domestic perspectives.The dual-dimensional framework is to analyze the specific impact of policies on the scale of renewable energy development and technological progress.Under this framework,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and comparative study on the effect of renewable energy policy.The main work is as follows:First,this paper builds a panel fixed effect model for renewable energy development scale evaluation,and evaluates policy effects from the dimension of development scale.From an international perspective,the international renewable energy generation policy system was sorted out in detail,and the policy system was sorted into 7 categories:fiscal and financial incentives,market-based instruments,direct investments,policy support,regulatory instruments,information and education,and research,development and deployment(RD&D).On this basis,an aggregate policy evaluation model is established to analyze the effects of major policies.Considering the continuity of renewable energy generation policy,panel data model is constructed to evaluate the effect of specific subdivision policy under the aggregate policy.The results show that market-based instruments,RD&D,fiscal and financial incentives and policy support are effective policy means to promote the scale development of renewable energy.In specific policies,price policy and subsidy measures are effective in fiscal and financial incentives,while strategic planning is effective in planning policies.In the market-based instruments,green permit trading and greenhouse gas emission permit have synergistic effect.From the domestic perspective,based on the institutional framework of China’s renewable energy law,the overall system of renewable energy generation policy is sorted into five aspects:total target mechanism,feed-in tariffs mechanism,mandatory connection and purchase mechanism,cost sharing mechanism,and special fund mechanism.Then the panel fixed effect model is established to evaluate the renewable energy generation policy.The results show that the total target mechanism,feed-in tariffs mechanism and special fund mechanism have significant effects in promoting the scale of wind power development in China,and there is a strong synergy between the FIT decline mechanism and the renewable energy tariff surcharge.The policy effect of the mandatory connection and purchase mechanism has a significant effect in the early stage of wind power development.After the large-scale outbreak of wind power growth,due to wind curtailment and grid connection difficulties,the policy has no significant effect in promoting wind power development.The comparison of policy effects under a dual-perspective shows that in the stage of renewable energy scale development,planning policy,fiscal and financial incentives and RD&D are effective policies from two perspectives,while market-oriented policy is unique and synergistic policy from the international perspective.Secondly,this paper builds a panel data model for the evaluation of renewable energy technology innovation,and discusses the effect of policies on technological innovation.From an international perspective,based on the international renewable energy power generation policy system,a panel fixed-effect model is constructed to evaluate the effects of aggregation policies,and a specific policy evaluation model is further established to analyze subdivided policy effects.The results show that market-based instruments have the greatest effect on promoting renewable energy technology innovation,and the effects of fiscal and financial incentives,planning policies,regulatory instruments,direct investments,and RD&D on technological innovation are successively decreasing.Among specific policies,price policy and tax incentives are relatively stable policy measures for technological innovation incentives in fiscal and financial incentives.Greenhouse gas emission permits and green certificate trading in market-oriented policies are significant policy tools.In direct investment policies,local government funding is an important policy tool.Code and standards,and other mandatory requirements are the main notable policy measures in regulatory policies.In addition,institutional innovation and strategic planning have a significant synergistic effect on renewable energy technology innovation.From a domestic perspective,the power generation policy that promotes renewable energy technology innovation is organized into four areas:strategic-planning policy,regulatory-control policy,demand-pull policy,and technology-push policy.On this basis,a panel-corrected standard error model is constructed to quantitatively analyze China’s policies for promoting renewable energy technology innovation.The results show that strategic-planning policy,regulatory-control policy and technology-push policy are the mainstream policies to promote the progress of renewable energy technologies in China,while demand-pull policy are not significant for China’s technological innovation.The comparison of policy effects under the dual perspective framework shows that in the renewable energy technology innovation stage,planning policy,regulation policy and RD&D are significant policy tools from dual-perspectives,while market-oriented policy,fiscal incentive and government direct investment are effective policy tools from the international perspective.Finally,this paper systematically sorts out the institutional system of renewable energy generation policies in typical countries,analyzes the internal logic of various systems between these typical countries.Summarizes the following rules of policy evolution:Renewable energy policies are guided by the national energy transformation and serve the national energy transformation strategy.Clear renewable energy development planning is the foundation of the policy.High costs are the essential characteristics of renewable energy in the early stages of development.Compulsory acquisition and financial subsidy policies have been the mainstream policies supporting the development of renewable energy for a long time.The path of policy evolution is basically the same.The policy system is based on renewable energy technology innovation.According to the dual-dimensional dual-view comparison framework and international system comparison,the following policy recommendations are proposed:strategic positioning,technology leading;layout optimization,policy coordination;quota support,market synergy;legislative guarantee,dynamic adjustment.