| In this study,the Central Asian countries refer to the five Central Asian countries,including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Turkmenistan,Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.Many ecological and environmental problems in the region have attracted international attention,including excessive use of water resources,water pollution,air pollution and land desertification.In particular,the Aral Sea crisis caused by the sharp decrease of water from the Aral Sea due to excessive irrigation has become the epitome of ecological and environmental problems in this region.The deteriorating ecological environment has had a far-reaching impact on the social and economic development of the five Central Asian countries.In order to change the current situation,five Central Asian countries have introduced ecological policies and regulations,reflecting their national positions and the importance they attach to the issue of the Aral Sea.Evaluation of the effects of ecological policies in different countries will help us to understand the effectiveness of the policy system and the existing problems,provide a scientific reference for Central Asian countries to jointly protect the ecological environment in the future,promote the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)to deepen the cooperation on ecological and environmental protection,and support the construction of a green Silk Road Economic Belt.Therefore,the core research object is Central Asian countries ecological policy.The research is guided by the policy evaluation theory.The basic logic framework is "ecological environmental deterioration of Central Asia--policy and management differences affecting ecological protection--the inefficiency of a single state policy--build international ecological policy coordination mechanism".Literature and induction,field research,statistical analysis,comparative analysis,case analysis,remote sensing and GIS,data envelopment analysis,normative and empirical analysis methods are used to explore the differences of ecological protection policies and ecological management in five Central Asian countries,as well as the impact of policy differences on the ecological environment.This dissertation uses factor analysis and the data envelopment method to comprehensively evaluate the effect of ecological protection policy.This paper introduces remote sensing geospatial analysis technology into the research framework of policy effect analysis,analyzes and evaluates the existing regional and international mechanisms in Central Asia,and puts forward the way for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to participate in the ecological governance in the region.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The difference of ecological protection policies among the five Central Asian countries is the main reason for the deterioration of regional ecological environment.The perfection degree of ecological protection policy in five Central Asian countries is different,five Central Asian countries making their ecological environment policy from the domestic perspective,which directly leads to the ecological crisis of the Aral Sea.The five Central Asian countries have different levels of policy formulation and implementation,and different ecological policy emphases.As a result,it is difficult for the five Central Asian countries to reach consensus at the policy level.Different ecological management subjects and their positions in the five Central Asian countries lead to diversified interest demands,poor communication channels,complex decision-making process and high time cost in joint solution of ecological and environmental problems faced by all countries.(2)The effect of ecological protection policies in Central Asian countries has spatial characteristics,and its influencing factors are diverse.The ecological protection policies of large cities and regions with balanced industrial and agricultural development in relatively developed countries and are relatively effective,while the ecological policies of large cities in relatively underdeveloped countries are relatively effective.The regions with relatively poor effect of ecological protection policies are resource-exploitation regions,whose economy mainly depends on the extraction and processing of petroleum,iron and other mineral resources,and the ecological environment is under great pressure.(3)To solve the ecological and environmental problems in Central Asia,international organizations need to coordinate and formulate regional ecological and environmental policies recognized by all countries.Ecological protection policy effect of the economic development level,market level,the level of industrial structure,economic globalization,scientific and technological progress,development idea,the influence of such factors as international organization in the coordination of the five Central Asian countries to develop regional ecological environmental policy need to widen train thought,from the perspective of the above factors constituting the system of regional ecological protection policy.(4)Build a cooperation path for China to participate in environmental governance in Central Asia.China should take its responsibilities as a major country,and within the framework of SCO,using its advantages in human resources,technology and management,to adhere to the dual-wheel drive,intellectual infrastructure is the key,physical infrastructure is the cornerstone,and to coordinate with Central Asian countries in strengthening multilateral cooperation in key areas of ecological protection and advocating a green Silk Road. |
