Study On Qingdao’s Municipal Household Waste Governance From The Perspective Of Network Governance

In recent years.China’s major cities are facing or about to face the dilemma of garbage siege.With a progressive awareness,people are realizing the problem of urban garbage management.It cannot be solved only by the improvement of terminal technology.Rather it should be comprehensive management process,from the very beginning to the end,mobilizing all possible forces.By virtue of the product life-cycle approach and making good use of "consumption" as a key factor,the municipal household waste governance can be divided into the front-end governance and the end of governance.Focusing on "Reduction,recycling and harmlessness",the key point of fore-end governance is the recycling of resource while the key point of terminal governance is garbage classification.The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of municipal household waste governance in Qingdao.The two key points above are the main research object.To analyze and to solve the complicated public issues,we should firstly adopt a suitable theoretical tool.Since the 1980s.policy network as a new field of study attracted public attentions and led to a research boom.In the 90’s,with the deepening of research,policy network has not only been used as a model of policy analysis,but also as a governance tools to deal with the complex modern society.It is an ideal alternative of traditional governance.The policy network as a governance tool is considered to have an advantage of solving difficult problems and it is also good at analyzing and solving complex public problems.On the basis of the western theories and China’s practical situation we can summarize the analysis framework of network governance.According to the basic logic order of problem analysis,the first step is to recognize the existing networks.The original network will not necessarily lead to the desired result.So how to use the network,to make the most of it and to take necessary measures to make up for its disadvantages is the most important task to carry out.According to the logic of gradualism,the perfection of the network should be a process of gradual adjustment.So it is necessary to constantly check the network to find its deficiencies.According to the concepts above,the analysis framework of policy network governance contains three links:network description,network management and network checking.According to the study of Western scholars,the basic elements of policy network include actors,the relationship between actors,and network rules.This is also the main dimension of understanding and managing the network.Therefore,for the convenience of analysis,each of these links starts with three analytical dimensions:Network Description including actors,relationship between actors,and network regulations;Network Management including administrators,actor management and network regulation management;Network Checking including administrator self-check,actor check and network regulation check and so on.This paper takes case study as the main research method.With the above analysis framework and using the concept of network analysis,the paper analyzes the governance situation of municipal household waste in Qingdao and finds some of its main problems.In network governance itself,problems include the lack of key actors,and main actors short of drives and are driven too much by personal interests and so on.Network management measures are difficult to sustain and network check link missing are also main problems.At the end of the governance stage,there are also many problems such as the lack of sustained motivation of important actors,the lack of deep interaction between actors,network rules are too dependent on political dominance,lack of network management and network check and so on.Analyzing the reasons behind these problems we can find that in the front-end governance stage,the problems include unreasonable system design,lack of social awareness and environmental awareness in the front-end,lack of a reasonable network design and government support and other reasons.The problems at the end of governance can be attributed to the flaws of the system itself,complex demographic situation,existing government system and administrative traditions,high governance costs and the underdevelopment of social organizations and so on.An analysis of success foreign stories may provide a solution to the problem:Germany’s front-end governance and Taipei’s end of governance are classic cases.Studying the analysis framework of the network governance of the two cases in detail,we can draw some experience.The German case shows that the participation of production enterprises,third parties,clear responsibilities and obligations and market-oriented rules are the key to the success of front-end network governance.Taipei’s case illustrates that comprehensive institutional design,active participation of the public and social organizations,and market-led network rules are essential for successful end-of-network governance.Based on the above experience and analysis,we can get the countermeasures to improve the governance network of municipal household waste governance in Qingdao.In the front-end governance,we should set up a third party as a manager;activate potential actors by introducing a producer responsibility extension system and deposit return system.Through vigorously propaganda and education we can establish front-end governance awareness in the whole society,improve public awareness of the environment and vigorously support the vein industry to improve the enthusiasm of the main actors and design scientific network rules.At the end governance we should ensure government’s role as main manager.We should establish proper charging system as well as perfecting reward and supervision system.We should reinforce government’s self-construction,initiating social organizations to encourage the enthusiasm of the actors so as to build scientific network regulations,leading to a regular network checking system,and so on.The innovation of this paper includes four points.The first is to construct the Analytical Framework of Network Governance.The second is to put forward the concepts of governance in the former consumption stage,which is the concept of front-end governance based on a scientific division of the garbage control process.Three,put forward the view that production enterprises should take part in the treatment of municipal household waste.The last is to design and improve the governance network of household waste in Qingdao based on the cases.This paper is a brave attempt in domestic policy network and network governance research.On the one hand,on the basis of clarifying the theoretical context,it refines the analytical framework and try to solve practical problems.This might serve as an inspiration and bring up some better achievements from peers in this field in China.On the other hand,the conclusion of this paper can provide ideas for Qingdao and other similar cities to solve the long-troubled garbage siege problem,and provide theoretical basis and intellectual support for the design of governance model and the formulation of relevant policies.