Measurement Of Reginal Tourism Economic Efficiency And Spatial Econometric Analvsis Based On DEA

In the past few decades,tourism is now becoming a boom industry in China.Tourism economic is growing steadily,driving the all-round development of regional economic,social,and cultural.China is in the process of upgrading industrial structure.It is in the step of advancing urbanization.Tourism has entered the mature stage of development.The 14th Five-Year Plan states that China is going to the stage of high-quality development.The country is trying to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and scientific allocation.Reginal economic development is promoting with the resource conservation.To maintain the rapid growth in the tourism economy,China have introduced a regional integration,the guidance of high-quality development,sports tourism,rural tourism,promoting tourism consumption,ice and snow tourism and a series of development policy.The pace of innovation and entrepreneurship is accelerating in tourism,and it is oriented by green tourism clearly,which improved the level of tourism economy and optimize the structure of the tourism industry.It is very significance to clarify the influencing factors of economic efficiency and their relations in tourism.For make policies,it has a guiding significance to measure tourism economic performance.This paper aims to measure the tourism economic performance and tourism economic efficiency by theoretical modeling of tourism economy and empirical measurement,and to discuss and analyze the factors affecting the tourism economic efficiency and its spatial effect,to provide scientific basis and reference for the country to formulate corresponding tourism economic development policies in the future.This paper follows the result that the tourism economic performance is influenced by the economic efficiency and the economic effect.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1.Constructing the index system of tourism economic efficiency measurement.This paper sorts out the existing literature measurement indicators,analyzes their problems and deficiencies,proposes extended indicators,and establishes a three-level measurement index system based on the input-output model.The index system includes land,capital,labor,energy consumption in input indexes,intermediate indexes represented by the number of tourism attractions,the number of tourism enterprises and external influences.There are four indexes in output,which contain the total tourism revenue,number of inbound tourists,per capita consumption of inbound tourists.From energy indexes,it also contains per GDP of energy consumption.2.Considering the shortcomings of the evaluation methods for the efficiency,the super efficiency SBM-Network-DEA model is used to measure the economic efficiency of tourism by the panel data of 31 regions from 2005 to 2017.Considering the correlation of influencing factors of tourism economic efficiency and the hierarchy of measurement indexes,combined with the advantages of super efficiency SBM-DEA and Network-DEA,the efficiency value of each node and the overall efficiency value are obtained respectively.Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Guangdong,Guizhou,Ningxia,and Qinghai have reached the super efficiency level,accounting for 25.8%.Guangdong,Qinghai,Guizhou,Shanghai,Jiangsu are in the top five,secondly Ningxia,Tianjin,Beijing,Henan,Heilongjiang are located in the sixth to tenth,Yunnan,Guangxi,Liaoning,Shanxi,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Sichuan are located in the 11th to the 20th,Jilin,Hubei,Shandong,Chongqing,Jiangxi,Hunan,Tibet,Xinjiang,Gansu,Hainan and Hebei province are located in the 21 to 31.In the first stage of input-output,that is,the node 1 link between initial input elements and intermediate elements,Jiangsu,Anhui,Guangdong and Qinghai have reached a strong effective state In Node 1,Jiangsu,Anhui,Guangdong and Qinghai reached the state of super efficiency,accounting for 12.9%,followed by 24 regions whose efficiency value reached above 0.7,accounting for 77.4%.In the Node 2 link from intermediate elements to final output,the mean efficiency values of Beijing,Guangdong,Guizhou,Jiangsu,Ningxia,Qinghai,Shanghai,Tianjin,and Yunnan exceed 1,but only 58%of provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities exceed 0.7.The efficiency value of node 2 varies significantly among regions and fluctuates greatly.There are many super efficiency regions,accounting for 29%,while the super efficiency region of node 1 only accounts for 12%.The average efficiency value of node 1 is high and it shows very stable relatively.3.Considering the spatiotemporal effect and heterogeneity of tourism economic efficiency,a dynamic spatial Durbin model is constructed to an empirical analysis of the spatiotemporal effect of tourism economic efficiency and a robust estimation.Correlation test tourist economy efficiency inspection in the first place,then set the weights of space,based on spatial econometric model test steps,found that the independent variables and dependent variables space lag and time lag model is more suitable for this paper,therefore choose dynamic spatial Durbin model to estimate.Secondly,the system GMM is used to test and estimate,and compare the two estimation results.The spatial mechanism of tourism economic efficiency is obtained by analyzing the long and short term,direct spatial effect and indirect spatial effect estimated by the model.Finally,the 31 regions in China are divided into six regions for estimation,and the spatial effect and mechanism of regional tourism economic efficiency are analyzed.The result shows that it is not obvious in the global spatial correlation of tourism economic efficiency.However,there is a local correlation in some regions of Beijing,Shanghai,Hainan,Guizhou,Gansu,Ningxia,Hebei,and Guangdong.Based on geographic distance,economic distance,and the weight of function,the estimated results are consistent.Most indexes have positive correlation with tourism economic efficiency.That states that there are significant contributions with the efficiency.Obviously,there have long and short direct effects on the space effect of economic efficiency between these indexes.There are long and short negative effects of the economic efficiency with the number of inbound tourists,tourist enterprise fixed assets,per capita road and green area,tourism education,environmental pollution control investment as a share of GDP.Fixed assets of tourism enterprises,per capita energy consumption and tourism education all show significant long and short indirect effects in the estimation of the three models.4.Tourism economic performance is the result of tourism economic efficiency and effect.The dynamic factor analysis method is adopted to measure the level of tourism economic performance from three dimensions:tourism economic efficiency,tourism economic quantity and scale,and tourism economic output.The static and dynamic analysis is carried out by using the three indexes of tourism efficiency,number of tourists,and total tourism revenue obtained in Chapter 4.According to the static analysis of tourism economic performance,the performance of Guangdong,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Beijing,and Zhejiang ranks the top five in China.Henan,Shandong,Guizhou,Liaoning,and Ningxia were next in the sixth to 10th spots.The performance of Sichuan,Fujian,Qinghai,Shanxi,Guangxi,Hubei,and Jiangxi are at the national medium level.The static performance level of tourism economy in Shaanxi,Hunan,Inner Mongolia,Anhui,Jilin,Chongqing,Hebei,Xinjiang,Gansu,Tibet,and Hainan is relatively low.The dynamic results show that Jiangsu,Guangdong,Shandong,Zhejiang,and Beijing are in the top five dynamic performance levels.Henan,Shanghai,Liaoning,Sichuan,and Fujian rank sixth to tenth.Then the Yunnan,Hubei,Guizhou,Hunan,Heilongjiang,Hebei,Anhui,Jiangxi,Shanxi,and Guangxi the dynamic performance are in the national medium level,Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Tianjin,Jilin,Ningxia,Chongqing,Xinjiang and Tibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Hainan tourism across the lower levels of economic performance,in 21 to 31.There are two aspects in the innovation of this paper,which contain the theory and methodology.In theory,it constructs three factor indexes,which contains the input,intermediate and output factors.For measurement,it introduces the ecological environment,social development,and economic factors.Analysis of the degree of each contribution to the tourism economic efficiency,then obtained the short and long,direct,and indirect effect.In the method,the super efficiency SBM-DEA and Network-DEA model is combined to measure the three-index system of tourism economic efficiency.With the super efficiency SBM-Networking-DEA is used,introducing the external influence variables to measure are more comprehensively.Now it is a supplement to the DEA method for studying the tourism development.The spatial effects of tourism economic efficiency are considered for the spatial econometric model.,the dynamic spatial Durbin model is adopted to conduct an empirical analysis based on the spatial panel data.Considering the static and dynamic differences affecting the performance of tourism economy,this paper introduces the dynamic factor analysis method to analyze the level of tourism economic performance and puts forward a new tourism research path.This paper puts forward the optimization strategy based on the above theory and empirical analysis results.Firstly,optimize the allocation of resources and reduce the number of tourism enterprises,tourist enterprise fixed assets,the per capita roads and green area,the energy consumption.Secondly,strengthen the structural optimization of tourism in area and industry structure.Optimize tourism products and services structure.Thirdly,strengthen regional tourism cooperation and regional integration development.Lastly,it is wisely to improve the investment structure.Guide tourists to diversify their consumption structure,extend their consumption time and advocate green consumption.