Taxonomic Study On The Lohmanniidae And Achipteriidae From China

The families Lohmanniidae and Achipteridae belong to the suborder Oribatida of subphylum Sarcoptiformes(Arachnida:Acari).The present family Lohmanniidae has recorded more than 236 species(9 subspecies)of 26 genera all over the world,and 37 species and 1 subspecies in 13 genera are known in China.And family Achipteridae has recorded more than 109 species(5 subspecies)of 10 genera all over the world,and 12 species in 7 genera are known in China.This thesis described 46 species(1 subspecies)in 14 genera of family Lohmanniidae and 44 species in 8 genera of family Achipteridae in China.Fauna analysis and phylogenetic research were carried out separately.The research contents and results are listed as follows1.TaxonomyThere were 46 species(inclulde 1 subspecies)of 14 genera of family Lohmanniidae recorded including 12 new species and 3 Chinese new records.And 44 species of 8 genera of family Achipteridae were recorded including 1 new genera,1 Chinese new record genera,28 new species and 8 Chinese new recordsNew genusAchipteridaeFoveolachipteria gen.nov.New record genusAchipteridaeDentachipteria rec.nov.New speciesLonmanniidaeMeristacarus pubescentius Ren,Yang,Liang&Xie,2017*Papillacarus mammiliatus Ren,Yang,Liang&Xie,2018*Papillacarus retinervius Ren,Yang,Liang&Xie,2018*Papillacarus loushanguanensis sp.nov.Papillacarus internus Ren,Yang,Liang&Xie,2018*Papillacarus densus sp.nov.Papillacarus plummatus sp.nov.Vepracarus hexagonus sp.nov.Vepracarus bifurcus sp.nov.Vepracarus ramulinus sp.nov.Vepracarus damingshanensis sp.novVepracarus flattus sp.novAchipteridaeAnachipteria(Anachipteria)tritica sp.nov.Achipteria fabiformis sp.nov.Achipteria erexit sp.nov.Achipteria inclina sp.nov.Achipteria brevispina sp.nov.Achipteria inflexa sp.nov.Achipteria dicula sp.nov.Achipteria sphaeralis sp.nov.Achipteria forficata sp.nov.Achipteria faculam sp.nov.Achipteria triangula sp.nov.Campachipteria lushuiensis Ren,Yang,Tang&Liang,2019*Campachipteria ptilagrostis sp.nov.Campachipteria wanglangensis sp.nov.Campachipteria rongshuiensis sp.nov.Cubachipteria clavata Ren,Yang,Liang&Zheng,2019*Dentachipteria contigua sp.nov.Dentachipteria pora sp.nov.Dentachipteri sidorchukae Ren,Yang,Liang&Zheng,2019*Parachipteria ludingensis Ren,Yang,Tang&Liang,2019*Parachipteria suaviter sp.nov.Parachipteria fastigiata sp.nov.Parachipteria sawtooth sp.nov.Parachipteria dorsum sp.nov.Parachipteria pincer sp.nov.Foveolachipteria adversus sp.nov.Izuachipteria undosa sp.nov.Izuachipteria retusa sp.nov.New recordsLohmanniidaePhyllolohmannia foliifer Golosova,1984 rec.nov.Papillacarus aequalis Mahunka 1991 rec.nov.Papillacarus angulatus wallwork,1962 rec.nov.AchipteridaeAnachipteria(Anachipteria)deficiens Grandjean,1932 rec.nov.Achipteria longisetosa Weigmann&Murvanidze,2003 rec.nov.Achipteria regalis Berlese,1908 rec.nov.Achipteria clarencei Nevin,1976 rec.nov.Parachipteria sibirica Krivolutsky&Grishina,1970 rec.nov.Parachipteria ewingi Berlese,1910 rec.nov.Parachipteria bella Sellnick,1928 rec.nov.Parachipteria neotropicalis Mahunka,1983 rec.nov.2.BiogeographyBased on the the data from published literature and collected records from this study,all species were listed in a table according to zoogeographic realms of China and the world.A primary biogeography analysis is concluded.2.1 The biogeography distribution pattern of the Chinese LohmanniidaeSpecies of family Lohmanniidae from China is a widely distributed group and covered each zoogeographic realms of the world.Lohmanniidae from China is constituted by 9 distribution types in cross-Oriental realm,with 14 genera in total,accounting for 100.0%.Chinese Lohmanniidae has the highest proportion in the Oriental realm with 14 genera.Among 45 known species of Chinese Lohmanniidae,45were distributed in Oriental realm in zoogeographic realms in the world.This result showed that under the zoogeographic realms of the world,Chinese Lohmanniidae mainly distributed in Oriental realm,and then gradually diffused to Palaearctic realm.In the in zoogeographic realms of China,faimly Lohmanniidae had 4 types,mainly distributed in South China region with 14 genera.Totally 30 species were distributed cross South China region,accounted for 66.7%.The result indicated that South China region composed the majority of the Chinese Lohmanniidae at generic level.Mongolia-Xinjiang region and Qinghai-Tibet region had no record2.2 The biogeography distribution pattern of the Chinese Achipteridae Under the zoogeographic realms of the world,the Chinese Achipteridae had 6 distribution types,mainly distributed in Oriental realm with 6 types.There were 42 out of 44 species of Chinese Achipteridae distributed in the Oriental realm in zoogeographic realms in the world which tool up 95.5%.Therefore,it is obivious that under the zoogeographic realms of the world,Chinese Achipteridae mainly distributed in Oriental realm,and then gradually diffused to other realmsChinese Achipteridae distribution in zoogeographic realms of the China hasd 7 types,mainly distributed in South China region with 7 genera,acounted 87.5%.Among 44 species of Chinese Achipteridae of distribution in zoogeographic realms in the world,there were 42 species in Central China region,having the highest proportion with,which took up 95.5%.And 23 species in total belonged to Southwest region,holding 52.3%.So,the results showed that under the zoogeographic realms of the China,Chinese Achipteridae mainly distributed in the Central China3.PhylogenyThis study used the maximal parsimony method to build phylogenetic tree through software TNT ver.1.1(Tree analysis using New Technology)(Goloboffa et al.,2008).Phylogenetic tree was built based on 46 morphological features of the genus Lohmanniidae,and based on 31 morphological features of the genus Achipteridae,respectied.1)According to the phylogenetic analysis of the Lohmanniidae family,the result supported that the classification status of Phyllolohmannia and Vepracarus.Vepracarus was located at the top of the phylogenetic tree,which belonged to the higher genera in Lohmanniidae family.2)According to the phylogenetic analysis of the Achipteridae family,the result supported the classification status of Izuachipteria and Parachipteria.The data supported Dentachipteria was monophyletic,which belonged to the lower genera in Achipteridae family.Izuchipteria was located at the top of the phylogenetic tree,which belonged to the higher genera in Achipteridae family.