High Resolution Remote Sensing Monitoring Of Mining Area Environment And Its Information Resources Utilization: Methods & Application

Mineral resources are the "blood" and "food" of industry, and it is the foundation of national economic and social development. However, due to long large-scale and super-strength development, as well as the poor ecological basis and increasing demands for mineral resources, environmental protection in current mining area has faced an unprecedented pressure. Environmental monitoring is the eyes and ears of environmental management, and it is the most basic and fundamental support force of environmental management. Facing the complex problems of mining environment, if the monitoring service fails behind, it’s hard to deal with the protection and management work. In order to achieve the upgrading and transformation aim of "one of the world environmental monitoring systems, environmental monitoring patterns of harmony and unity" which is proposed in "advanced early warning system for environmental monitoring framework (2010-2020)", which put forward new requirements to the information acquisition, processing, integration and comprehensive services of existing mining environmental monitoring system.In the 21st century, with the rapid development of remote sensing technology and the successive relieving some restrictions on commercial data sales; high-resolution remote sensing technology has become an important method for mining area environmental information acquisition. Particularly since 2006, the implementation of high-resolution remote sensing survey and monitoring in the major metallogenic belt and ore cluster area has made a great accumulation of contents for environmental monitoring data mining and the rapid accumulation of data, but the corresponding monitoring analysis and utilization of research efforts need improving.Therefore, a series of research works was carried on with the two aspects of monitoring analysis and information resources utilization.Firstly, according to the problem that existing studies of monitoring analysis are mainly limited to the spatial information extraction and statistical analysis, the methods of monitoring and analysis was studied around the source problems of land destruction of mining area environment and the pollution and non-polluting problem respectively. Topics include:①definition the remote sensing classification system of land destruction to mining areas; establishing five categories of the interpretation symbol system of land destruction to mining surface, tailing reservoir, solid waste, industrial and mining construction, industrial and mining road; indoor interpretation and field verification was solved under the technical support with 3S; building the remote sensing three-dimensional data model, slope and watershed three-dimensional data model which is difficulty to interpret with traditional two-dimensional maps; studying the endowed content and method of attribute information point to the land application of damage assessment of ecological compensation under the support of multi-source data; establishing the land destruction dynamic change analytical model by taking the of land use change measure model.②a landscape classification system was designed for mining areas complex ecosystem. using high-resolution remote sensing data and selecting the decision tree automatic classification method for landscape classification images; using landscape indices software Fragstats3.3 automatically extract eight landscape metrics (LPI, LSI, MPS, PSSD, FD, CONTAG, AWMPFD, SHDI) from the landscape classification images for studying the nine ecological sub-district; selecting the principal component multivariate statistical analysis model to achieve the dominant factor selection of mining areas landscape ecology quality assessment and landscape ecology dominant factor quality comprehensive quantitative assessment to partition difference analysis and empirical research of evaluation results.③analyzing the importance of conventional monitoring of terrestrial environmental monitoring at mining areas and the necessity of integrity with three-dimensional remote sensing data; Taking the atmospheric environment, water pollution, soil pollution and biological contamination of terrestrial monitoring data as the integrated and analyzed contents, studying the data visualization integration between three-dimensional remote sensing data model and ground survey, their statistical analysis and comprehensive early-warning technology.Secondly, the monitoring information was mainly used for the mining affairs management fields, such as mining order supervision, planning and management of mineral resources and geological disaster prevention. In order to provide the demand-oriented data and functional services to the mining areas and social research group, through the monitoring analytical system and service platform to build and expand the development and utilization of mining area environmental monitoring information resources. Topics include:①mining land destruction measurement and non-polluting model analysis three-dimensional visualization system was developed by the support of VRMap SDK. A universal front-end analytical 3D GIS tools was developed to achieve the integration of terrestrial contamination monitoring data and remote monitoring data, and its background management, information enquiry, statistical analysis and comprehensive early warning. The main demands of environmental benefits of mining area residents was taken into account, and building the touchable mining area environmental pollution information platform with community service-oriented.②using Oracle 11g as the storage and management platform; using MapBuilder 11g as a received tool for spatial data to research the method of multi-source heterogeneous monitoring space database construction and availability verification; designing the classification and coding system and the method for metadata description; using Oracle Map 11g to develop and implement the web sharing visualization system for mining area environmental monitoring data, which integrate background management and front-end service as a whole.Finally, the research outcomes of this study were summarized, and the prospects of the follow-up study will be mainly concentrated in:①further superimposed the non-pollution and pollution monitoring results, which are statistically and spatially analyzed. In order to reach the clarity of environmental problems cause and provide more in-depth decision-making information for the effective control to the source problems. Further distinguish the development of regional mineral resources and tourism, and their effects on land use change and environment.②further analyze multi-temporal changes in landscape and the effect of ecological quality index change on the mining area environment.③pollution monitoring for 3D GIS management and analysis tool can be integrated wireless pollution automatic monitoring and field survey data PAD data collection to improve automatic forecasting capabilities.④developing and integrating online monitoring and analysis model, and providing monitor data processing services. Improving the multi-disciplinary collaborative e-Science research capacity; building a virtual research center for mine environment remote sensing monitoring.