| This dissertation examines the first fifty years of Quakerism on Long Island, 1657-1707, and maintains that these years witnessed the transformation of a radical, mystical sect holding heterodox beliefs and living on a politically divided island into a religious organization within a unified English colony. Studying a community that predates Pennsylvania, provides insight into the reason for Quaker success proselytizing at a time when authorities still considered Quakers a threat to the social order. One can study on Long Island in microcosm a process repeated throughout the Atlantic world in which Quakers discarded radicalism, institutionalized their movement and took legalism as a paradigm, accepting a role within society and demanding rights as citizens. One can also perceive a continuing tradition of radicalism among individuals who emphasized direct revelation of truth.;The dissertation is organized in four parts. The first considers the English background of Quakerism and Friends' success in gaining the allegiance of settlers on western Long Island holding radical sectarian views. Part Two treats political consolidation and religious development, examining the impact of the English conquest of New Netherland and Quaker efforts at organization. It focuses on George Fox's visit and resistance to the new discipline. Part Three describes the experience of Long Island Quakers and the role of women. The final section examines the impact of the Keithian schism, maintaining that the establishment of New York Yearly Meeting in 1695 was an effort to consolidate and rebuild Long Island Quakerism. |
