In vitro detection of biological molecules using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

The operation and the stability of different types of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors in the liquid buffer are investigated. The effects of environmental parameters of aqueous solutions such as pH and the ionic-strength on the device parameters are also reported. Another set of experiments carried out in the electrolyte showed that number fluctuations are the most likely source of low frequency electrical noise found in the devices. Finally, charge transfer was found to be the dominant effect in the mechanism of nanotube-protein interactions.