The Model Evolution And Performance Evaluation Of China's Participation In Asia-pacific Value Chain Cooperation

At present,the global value chain has become a prominent feature of economic globalization.As a global economic and trade center,how GDLN-AP able to promote efficient and smooth global value chain cooperation within and among economies in the Asia-Pacific region is not only relevant to the achievement of sustained,inclusive and balanced economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region,but also the focus of attention of economies at different stages of development.Following the release of the “APEC Cooperation Strategic Blueprint for Promoting Global Value Chain Development” at the2014 APEC leaders' informal meeting,domestic and foreign academic communities and practice sectors have carried out extensive and in-depth research on how to promote more efficient value chain cooperation in Asia-Pacific economies.The Asia-Pacific region,with the world's largest headquarters economy,the United States,and the largest factory economy,China,is the region most closely linked to global value chains.Under the background that global value chain has become an important driving force of regional economic integration,it is fully in the interests of Asia-Pacific economies to promote efficient and smooth Asia-Pacific value chain development and cooperation.As the largest factory economy,China plays a very important role in the Asia-Pacific region,and its value chain cooperation with Asia-Pacific economies is deepening.Unfortunately,the relevant studies have not yet constructed a scientific index system to measure Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation,nor have they fully and accurately examined the model evolvement and performance of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation.In view of this,this paper draws lessons from the latest research results in the field of global value chain and adopts the latest edition of international input-output table data compiled jointly by many international organizations,such as WTO,to construct and measure the index system of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation model.On this basis,the paper empirically investigates the performance of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation in order to provide a policy reference for China to participate in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation moreeffectively.The main conclusions are as follows:The research on the model evolvement of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation and its influencing factors show that the trade cooperation between China and Asia-Pacific economies is characterized by "value chain cooperation is the priority,non-value chain cooperation is secondary".From the perspective of evolution,the value chain cooperation between China and Asia-Pacific economies is deepening.In addition,there are significant differences in value chain cooperation degree among direct and indirect as well as depth and shallow between China and Asia-Pacific economies.From the point of the influence factors,the expansion of output scale,the difference of labor endowment,geographical,cultural and economic distance all promote the overall value chain cooperation while the expansion of output and differences in technological endowments in other Asia-Pacific economies had a significant restraining effect.In particular,these conclusions have significant value chain cooperation mode,depth of cooperation and heterogeneity of economies.The research on the mode upgrading of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation shows that the index of mode upgrading of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation is relatively low from the perspective of the direction of participation and the depth of participation,but from the point of view of changing trend,it presents the trend of fluctuating growth.At the present stage,China still faces great challenges in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation.Many influencing factors at home and abroad have restricted China's promotion of status in Asia-Pacific value chain.To break through the bottleneck,it is necessary to further develop and innovate.The performance analysis of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation shows that China's overall degree of cooperation in Asia Pacific value chain restrains the share of labor remuneration of highly skilled labor force from the perspective of employment structure effect,but promotes the share of labor compensation for the middle and low skilled labor force.The effects of direct and shallow value chain cooperation on the labor compensation share of the three skilled labor forces are consistent with the overall value chain cooperation degree,while the influence of indirect value chain cooperation degree is opposite to that of overall valuechain cooperation degree.The deep value chain cooperation degree makes the labor compensation share of the low skilled labor force shrink,and the labor compensation share of the middle and high skilled labor force expand.It can be seen that the influence of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation on the employment of skilled labor is mainly caused by direct and shallow value chain cooperation.In view of technology spillover effect,China's participation in the Asia Pacific value chain cooperation has significant technology spillover effect,among which the technology spillover effect of overall,direct and shallow value chain cooperation is more prominent.The participation in Asia-Pacific value chain and labor productivity exist "inverted U" relationship.In addition,the technology spillover effect of China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation has significant object and industry heterogeneity.Compared with the developed economies in Asia and the Pacific,the technology spillover effect of China's participation in economy value chain cooperation in Asia-Pacific development has stronger effect.China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation can promote the technology spillover in low-technology industries,but the technological spillover effect on high-technology industries is not significant.From the perspective of income gap effect,China's participation in Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation reduces the income gap,in addition,the value chain cooperation with high complexity expands the income gap,while the less complex value chain cooperation is conversely.From the perspective of economy,in the case of the regulation of high-tech industries in developed economies,indirect value chain cooperation widens the income gap,but generally reduces the income gap;From the perspective of industry,value chain cooperation expands the income gap of low-technology industry and reduces the income gap of middle-high technology industry;Finally,there is an inverted "U" relationship which is up first then down between value chain cooperation and income gap.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper draws the following main policy implications:First of all,we are extremely involved in the Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation and strive to climb to the high end of the value chain.Cooperation with value chains in Asia-Pacific economies will help alleviate China's current employment pressures,and will also have significant technological spillover effects and promote the long-termdevelopment of China's economy.However,China's current participation in the Asia-Pacific production division network only stays in the processing and assembly stage,which is not conducive to the upgrading of the employment structure of the labor force.Therefore,while actively promoting cooperation,China must shift to higher value chain links in the production,design,and research and development of intermediate products,increase the relative demand for high-skilled labor,and solve the structural imbalance of employment.Second,vigorously promote independent innovation concepts and encourage enterprises to carry out research and development.Enterprises can increase their investment in research and development,cooperate with foreign advanced enterprises,introduce foreign advanced technology,management systems and senior talents to achieve their own transformation and upgrading,so as to increase the relative demand of high-skilled labor and get rid of the dependence on developed countries.purpose.The government can create a good technological innovation environment for enterprises by formulating tax incentives,improving intellectual property laws,and improving research funding.It encourages enterprises to independently carry out research and development of core technologies and move toward the high end of the value chain.As China participates in the lower-end links of Asia-Pacific value chain cooperation,it is also facing the challenges brought about by the shortening and restructuring of value chains,the continuous loss of labor advantages,and the return of manufacturing in developed countries.Therefore,we should gradually upgrade the level of technological innovation and break through the technology.Lock in "heavy encirclement,deepen the value chain cooperation.Third,increase the investment of human capital and improve the quality of the labor force.The quality of the labor force is a key factor affecting the activities of enterprise R&D innovation,industrial structure adjustment,and employment structure optimization.With the changes in population structure,issues such as “aging” and “Lewis turning point” have come one after another.The government should increase investment in human capital,strengthen the cultivation of innovative talents,continue to reform the household registration system,and develop vocational skills education.Establish an employment coordination mechanism to improve the quality of employment for workers,so that workers of all skill types can find employment,want employment,and be good.Finally,actively support the medium and high technology industry to participate in the Asia Pacific value chain cooperation.China's participation in the technology spillover effect of the Asia-Pacific value chain has significant participation and industry heterogeneity,so this difference should be fully considered in the formulation and implementation of relevant policies.Specifically,it should further strengthen the support for the medium and high-tech industries,actively guide the Chinese technology industry to fully embed the Asia-Pacific value chain division of labor and high-tech industries from the front to the embedded Asia-Pacific value chain,and vigorously promote the development of various industries to promote reform.process.In addition,while encouraging industries to develop value chain cooperation with Asia-Pacific developing economies,we should support and guide all industries to develop shallow value chain cooperation through export intermediates and advanced Asia-Pacific economies.