A Study On The Development And Reflow Strategy Of American Manufacturing

At present,China is facing a major historical issue of how to build its own manufacturing industry,complete the transformation from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country,and achieve sustainable economic development.This article chooses to study the development and reflow strategies of the US manufacturing industry after 2000,which may be one of the effective ways to understand and solve the "how to" of the current transformation of China’s manufacturing industry.The results show that:First,the U.S.manufacturing industry has experienced the initial stages from the founding of the PRC to the Civil War,the establishment of the number one manufacturing power in the world from the Civil War to the First World War,and the spiral between the First World War and the Second World War.The development stage,and entered the post-war golden development stage from World War II to the 1970 s,formally establishing the status of the world’s first manufacturing power.Since the 1970 s,under the influence and impact of manufacturing industries in Japan,Germany,China and other countries,the development of the US manufacturing industry has stalled,and has recovered at the end of the 20 th century.Since the beginning of the new century,the industrial structure of the US manufacturing industry has begun to develop and change.Under the division of labor model of the global value chain,it has moved further up the value chain such as research and development.Due to the use of new technologies and new equipment,the share of manufacturing employment has remained stable after the financial crisis,but the growth rate of labor productivity has begun to decline.Second,in view of the development advantages of the U.S.manufacturing industry,this section analyzes the production costs and productivity of the U.S.manufacturing industry by analyzing the production costs and productivity.The industry segmentation industry generally shows an increasing trend,with an average increase of 39.12%,and only four industries’ capital factor input shares have declined.In contrast,the share of labor factor inputs has declined in 13 industries,with an average decline of 15.83%.The share of energy factor inputs has declined in all industries,and the share of raw material inputs has declined in 10 industries.(2)The industries in which the total factor productivity of the US manufacturing industry is increasing are the leading US manufacturing industries.The capital factor productivity of the U.S.manufacturing industry is generally declining in the entire industry.Only the capital factor productivity of the primary metals and transportation equipment industries has increased.In contrast,labor factor productivity and energy factor productivity are common among the various industries in the manufacturing industry.Showing an increasing trend.Third,the decomposition of the value added of the US manufacturing industry’s various industrial sectors was found:(1)the US manufacturing industry mainly participates in global value chains through intermediate products;the proportion of vertical specialization(VS)in the US manufacturing industry continues to increase;The proportion of foreign value added is constantly increasing,and the domestic value added(DVA)absorbed by foreign countries has also increased.The forward participation index of the global value chain of the US manufacturing industry continued to increase,but the forward participation index of the global value chain increased first and then decreased.(2)Whether the US manufacturing industry uses export value-added intermediates implicit in the downstream industry sector or the value-added proportion of the upstream industry sector,both are at a low level,and domestic exports that are returned and absorbed by the country The proportion of value added(RDV)is much higher than that of other countries,which indicates that the US manufacturing industry relies more on its domestic industry chain,and its own global value chain participation has a lot of room for improvement.(3)The degree of relevance of the forward manufacturing industry in the US manufacturing industry is less than that of the backward industry,and it is located relatively downstream in the global value chain.However,with the "return" of the manufacturing industry,the global value chain status of some industrial sectors has improved.Fourth,the main reason for the implementation of the manufacturing return strategy in the United States is the decline in the value added of the manufacturing industry as a percentage of GDP,a "hollowing" trend,a reduction in unit labor costs,and the US election system under counter-globalization.To this end,the Obama Administration has introduced the “American Innovation Strategy”,“Reinvigorating US Manufacturing”,the US Advanced Manufacturing Partnership(AMP)Program,and the National Strategic Plan for Advanced Manufacturing to promote sustainable growth and provide excellent job opportunities.Major measures such as the return of the manufacturing industry and attracting foreign investment in the United States,the development of advanced manufacturing and new energy industries,and the enhancement of technological innovation capabilities of enterprises have achieved "reinvigoration of the US manufacturing industry." After President Trump was elected,he successively launched the "Manufacturing Employment Plan",implemented the "Tax Relief and Employment Act",released the "Strategy to Ensure the Leading Position of the US Advanced Manufacturing Industry",and maintained the leading position of the US manufacturing industry.Fifth,according to the strategic economic effects of the return of the US manufacturing industry,this study finds that:(1)the total employment in the US industry has increased,the total employment in the manufacturing industry has declined,and manufacturing employment has begun to show an aging trend;various non-durable goods employment The increase and decrease of jobs is basically consistent with the overall change trend of the manufacturing industry,and the durable goods show a slight difference.The increase in the employment of the durable goods industry in the United States has exceeded the increase in the employment of non-durable goods industries.The production links are continuously separated into the productive service industry,while the low-end production links with low added value are continuously outsourced to developing countries.The production links remaining in the United States are the most comparatively advantageous production links in the United States." The implementation of the "re-industrialization" strategy will not change this trend.The advanced,clean and modernized manufacturing industry is only the enhancement and extension of comparative advantages.It will not return the outsourced production link to the United States or separate it into the service industry.The links are integrated into the manufacturing industry.The newly provided positions are not capable of the skills of unemployed workers.Vibrating the manufacturing industry cannot solve the unemployment problem in the short term.(2)The influence of the US manufacturing industry during the observation period showed a "down-up-down" trend,reflecting that the US manufacturing industry’s promotion of the entire US industry is not stable and has recently shown a downward trend.US manufacturing ’s influence on the secondary(mining and utilities)and tertiary industries has declined significantly;comparing demand projects in 2000 and 2016,we found that personal consumption expenditures,private residential fixed investment,non-residential private fixed investment,Non-residential fixed equipment investment,export of goods and services,state and local investment in buildings,state and local consumer spending,and non-residential private fixed investment intellectual property products.Eight final demand items are important driving forces for the development of the U.S.manufacturing industry;(3)The manufacturing trade deficit has continued to expand,and net trade in agricultural,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery products,all low-tech products,automated equipment products and engineering products,and all high-tech products.It is negative and generally shows an expanding trend;the net trade value of processed manufactured goods in medium technology continues to be positive,and the net earlier trade value of other resource manufactured goods in resource manufactured goods is negative and then turns positive;manufacturing imports The main body of the trade structure is manufactured products of medium technology,which are on the rise.The main structure of the manufacturing export trade structure is medium-tech manufactured products,but the trend is declining;(4)The total amount of foreign investment attracted by the manufacturing industry exceeds the average value of the entire industry;beverages,tobacco,wood products,furniture,textiles,other manufacturing,catering,and paper industries The amount of attracting foreign investment has been increasing.After 2008,the manufacturing industry’s ability to attract foreign investment has increased.The tobacco industry,wood products and furniture industry have the strongest ability to attract foreign investment.Finally,on the basis of summing up the development experience of the US manufacturing industry,I will answer how the Chinese government should deal with the development of China’s manufacturing industry.This study’s recommendations on what China should do in general have three aspects: to enhance China’s global geographical advantage,maintain the international market to stimulate domestic demand,and enhance the technological innovation capability of the manufacturing industry.