Research On The Influence Of Industrial Monopoly On Intergenerational Occupational Mobility

Since the reform and opening up,China’s economy has developed a comprehensive high-speed development,upgrading industrial structure,people’s living standard has been improved,but the rich and the poor differentiation is more serious,the social stratum gradually solidified,one of the most important performance is the intergenerational occupational mobility is low.On the one hand,the lower intergenerational occupation mobility may lead to "reading useless",the people in the bottom of society may give up efforts to make further narrowing the upward flow channel,the formation of the "Matthew effect",and ultimately affect the social stability;on the other hand,social equity is impaired by the low intergenerational occupation,making the "human relation"is more important than human capacity in employment,reducing the resource allocation efficiency,hindering the long-term development of economy.Therefore,it is very urgent to explore the influencing factors of intergenerational occupational mobility,in order to solve the problem of social stratum solidification and to promote economic growth efficiently and continuously.Studies have shown that the high income of monopoly industries has more than 50%is not reasonable.As a rational economic person’s parent will have a strong motivation to let children into the monopoly industries,and obtaining the unreasonable high income which does not match the labor productivity.So what is the impact of parental industry on the entry of the offspring industry?Is the offspring whose parent in the monopoly industry more likely to enter the monopoly industry relative to the offspring of the male parent in the competition industry?If the answer is yes,it will occupy the opportunities that offspring whose parents in the competitive industry entry into monopoly industries,and forcing them into competitive industries,enhancing the intergenerational industry inheritance,will the intergenerational industry inheritance further hinder the intergenerational occupational mobility,intensifies the social stratum solidification?In order to answer these questions,this paper discusses the influence of industry monopoly on intergenerational occupational mobility.It mainly includes the following three parts:The first Part use the mean decomposition method and quantile regression decomposition to decompose the wage gap between the monopoly industry and competitive industry,then getting the ratio of the unexplained part of the wage gap.The decomposition results showed that:(1)In the case of the same unit ownership,the wage gap between industries is from 12%to 25%,and in non-state-owned units,the wage gap between industries increases gradually with the increase of quantiles.(2)The unexplained proportion of the average wage gap between monopolistic and competitive industries is higher than 50%in non-state-owned units,but relatively small in state-owned units,at about 35%.(3)The unexplained proportion of wage income gap between industries is very high in non-state-owned units,and with the increase of quantiles,it presents the U-type of decreasing first and then increasing;The proportion of the unexplained part of the income gap between industries in state-owned units is relatively small,and the proportion of the unexplained part increases with the increase of income quantiles.The second part is to investigate the influence of paternal industry on the entry of the offspring industry and its marginal effect,and to further explore the influence of industry monopoly on intergenerational industry flow.lt found that:(1)the paternal industry has a significant influence on the entry of the offspring industry.Compared with the children whose parent generation in the competitive industry,the offsprings of the parent generation in the monopoly industry is more likely to enter the monopoly industry;(2)Regardless of whether the father is in the state-owned unit or the non-state-owned unit,the probability of the offsprings whose parents in the monopoly industry entering the monopoly industry is greater,but when the parent generation is all in the monopoly industry,the probability of the offsprings whose parent generation in the state-owned unit entering the monopoly industry is much greater than that of the parent generation in the non-state-owned unit.(3)Regardless of whether the father is a regular employee or not,the offsprings whose father in the monopoly industry is more likely to enter the monopoly industry than the offsprings of the father in the competitive industry.However,in the families where the mother is an informal worker,the mother,s industry has no significant influence on the offsprings’industry.(4)Industry monopoly has a significant positive impact on the flow of intergenerational industries,compared with the family that the parent generation in the competitive industry,the probability of intergenerational industry inheritance in the monopoly family which is the parent generation in the monopoly industry is higher.(5)Whether the state-owned sector or the non-state-owned sector,the industry monopoly will hinder the intergenerational industry flow,but compared with the non－state-owned sector,the industry monopoly has a greater effect on the intergenerational industry flow in the state-owned sector.The third part is to probe into the influence of industry monopoly on intergenerational occupational mobility in order to verify whether it hinders the intergenerational oeeupational mobility and solidifies the social occupational strecture.lt found that:(1)The phenomenon of intergenerational occupational inheritance exists generally in all professional strata,and the probability of intergenerational occupational inheritance is greater at the lower end level and the higher end level,and the mobility of intergenerational occupational mobility is insufficient in the society as a whole,eompared with intergenerational occupational mobility,intergenerational occupational mobility is much lower than that of intergenerational occupational mobility.The possibility of the offspring flowing into the adjacent level of the patermal occupation is relatively greater.(2)Whether the father is in the competition industry or the monopoly industry,there exists the phenomenon of intergenerational occupational hierarchy solidification,and the intergenerational solidification of the two occupational levels is especially serious.It is very difficult for the offspring of the father generation in the low-end occupational level to enter the high-end occupational level.However,the parents in the competition industry family intergenerational occupational mobility is greater than the father in the monopoly industry families.(3)Regardless of whether or not the generation industry heritage occurs,the phenomenon of intergenerational professional class solidification is widespread,but compared with the family with the intergenerational industry flowing,the generation industry has a higher probability of inheriting the family’s father’s business.lt further intensifies the solidification of social and professional levels.(4)The Inheritance of intergenerational industry weakens the positive influence of human capital on the occupational level of the offspring,regardless of whether the intergenerational industry flows,the patermal occupational hierarchy has a significant positive impact on the occupational hierarchy of the offspring,and with the increase of the patermal occupational level,The marginal effect increases gradually,and in the high-end occupation,the influence of the family father occupational level on the offspring occupational level is greater than that of the intergenerational industry.(5)The direct effect of monopoly on intergenerational occupation mobility is not,but by increasing the indirect effects of intergenerational intergenerational inheritance of industry occupation flow,which is the main factor influencing intergenerational occupation mobility,to a great extent of the industry and occupation of labor market factors hindering the free flow,caused by the dual labor market segmentation industry and occupation,is not conducive to the rational flow of social class.Based on the above conclusions,this paper argues that:first,the government should as soon as possible to break the monopoly,moderate competition;second,actively promote the separation of government and enterprise,strengthen the monopoly industry regulation;third,reasonable tax levy monopoly,to achieve monopoly profits sharing;fourth,with strong labor market regulation,optimize the allocation of resources.The above measures can greatly reduce the influence of industry monopoly on intergenerational industry mobility and intergenerational occupational mobility,and improve the factor mobility of labor market.