Research On The Central Private Enterprise Bureau (1949-1952)

In the period of new-democratic revolution,private industry and commerce had a large proportion in economic development.To develop the private industry and commerce that were beneficial to the national economy and the people's livelihood,was very important to promote economic prosperity,guarantee the supply of war,raise people's standard of living.To play a more positive role of private industry and commerce,the CPC established policies to protect private industry and commerce,the new democratic economic policy was established and perfected gradually,and in the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,the policy of protecting private industry and commerce was established finally.But in the process of implementing private industrial and commercial policies,there had been left error to crackdown the private industry and commerce excessively and eager to eliminate of private industry and commerce.And at the same time,there had been right errors to reliance on private industry and commerce excessively,and did not dare to carry out necessary struggle with private industry and commerce.View of this situation,to strengthen the leadership of private industry and commerce to develop better,the CPC founded the administration for industry and commerce.The establishment of the administration for industry and commerce in the period of Anti-Japanese War and Liberation War,and in the liberated cities,had laid foundation,accumulated working experience for the establishment of the central administration for private industry and commerce.After the founding of the state,Government administration council of the central people's government founded financial and economic committee,and the central administration for private enterprise,the central administration for funded enterprise were founded under it.As a separate establishment,the central administration for funded enterprise didn't last long.The central administration for funded enterprise had been co-located with the central administration for private enterprise since March in 1950.The central administration for private enterprise carried out basic work for the resumption and development of private industry and commerce after been founded,included promoting and explaining private industrial and commercial policies,registering private industry and commerce,grasping the thought dynamics,mastering the development of private industry and commerce.To change the face of economic backwardness in the beginning of new China,the central administration for private enterprise removed the old and builded the new to develop private industry and commerce,cleaned up the bureaucratic capital roundly,carried up reappraisal of property adjustment capital work,and as to enhance the enthusiasm of private industry and commerce investment,drew up the provisional regulations and implementation methods of private enterprises.In the way of the preparation of national and all levels of industrial and commercial federation,registration and supervision of the trademark and funded enterprises,the central administration for private enterprise did good job to promote the development of private industry and commerce.In the beginning of new China,after the unification of national finance,becaused of the stable market prices,the false purchasing power that was formed by hyperinflation disappeared,there was a shortage of market demand,so it was more difficult to develop private industry and commerce.For this reason,the CPC and the state had set the policy of adjusting the industry and commerce,financial and economic committee was responsible for organizing the specific implementation.In the process,the central administration for private enterprise mastered the opinions and suggestions on the development and the administration of private industry and commerce in time,held a meeting of directors of the administration of industry and commerce of the seven major cities,formulated policies of processing and ordering goods,expanding material exchanges between urban and rural.The work of processing and ordering goods was carried out by the central administration for private enterprise and the local administration for industry and commerce,so the supervising of business contract that was very important in the work,was carried out by them too.In order to carry out industrial and commercial adjustment work better,in July 15,1950,Premier Zhou Enlai signed the release of determination to adjust public-private partnerships and to strengthen the work of the central administration for private enterprise.The work of industrial and commercial adjustment carried out by the central administration for private enterprise,played an important role in the recovery and development of private industry and commerce.The process of processing and ordering goods,was also a process of the government financial department and the state-owned economy to incorporate private industry and commerce into planned production,transforming private industry and commerce.Inevitably,there had been a struggle against restrictions and counter-restrictions.With the down economy,the private industry and commerce required the state to increase the intensity of processing and ordering goods,with the up economy,the private industry and commerce resisted the processing and ordering goods.After the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began,the private industry and commerce provided shoddy goods for quality goods,cheated on workmanship and materials,endangered the interests of the volunteer army and the people greatly.In the face of this situation,the CPC carried out the movement against the three evils and the five evils to take a more active part in transforming private industry and commerce,so the private industry and commerce could produce as planned under the leadership of the state-owned economy.But at the same time,the movement made it difficult to develop the private industry and commerce again,there was a great increase in the cessation of business,and the material exchanges between urban and rural were not smooth.In this situation,the central government carried out the second industrial and commercial adjustment work.In the process,the central administration for private enterprise and the local administration for industry and commerce,focused on further standardize processing and ordering goods,further standardize strengthening oversight and reform of private industry and commerce,further standardize expanding material exchanges between urban and rural.In November 1952,the central administration for private enterprise was changed to central administration for industry and commerce.The foundation of the central administration for private enterprise,was to meet the needs of the objective situation of economic development in the beginning of new China,the central administration for private enterprise was changed to central administration for industry and commerce,was also to meet the needs of the objective situation to strengthen the management of private industry and commerce.From the central administration for private enterprise to the central administration for industry and commerce,was a process of strengthening the power of private administration for industry and commerce,strengthening with the local administration for industry and commerce,was also a process of establishing a more complete administrative system for industry and commerce,strengthening the process of transforming private industry and commerce.All the work,laid a firm foundation for the later development of the capitalist industrial and commercial socialist transformation.