Study On The Evolution And Growth Potential Of The Third Industrial Structure In The United States

Since the 20 th century,the total economic output of the United States has always been in the leading position in the world.In 2017,the total GDP of the United States exceeded $19 trillion,accounting for 23% of the world's total GDP,a proportion that surpassed all other countries in the world.The reason why the U.S.economy has always been ahead of all countries in the world is that it is the result of the continuous upgrading and optimization of the U.S.industrial structure system.The economic growth practices of most developed countries in the world have proved that the three industrial structures of the United States at this stage are the optimal industrial structures in line with the "post-industrialization stage" of the world today.In 2017,the added value of the tertiary industry in the United States accounted for 81% of the total GDP of the United States.In that year,the employment proportion of the tertiary industry in the United States accounted for 85% of the total labor force.Therefore,it is self-evident that the focus of the study of the three industries in the United States should be on the tertiary industry and its internal structure.This paper is an empirical study on the evolution and growth potential of the tertiary industrial structure in the United States.After consulting the statistical data of the official websites of the United States Government and the official websites of various states from 1950 to 2017,the author uses the combination of qualitative analysis and SPSS software quantitative analysis,and the combination of time series analysis and cross-sectional comparative analysis to answer the following questions concretely: First,the United States.What are the evolution laws of the three industrial structures and employment structures? Second,what is the evolution law of industrial structure and employment structure of many industries in the tertiary industry of the United States? Third,how to establish an index system for evaluating the growth potential of the tertiary industry in the United States and what are its results? Fourthly,how to establish the coupling model of the tertiary industry and its supporting system in the United States and what is the result? Fifth,the experience of the evolution of the three industrial structures and employment structures in the United States.How can we rationalize and upgrade the three industries in China in the future? This doctoral dissertation consists of eight chapters.The specific contents of each chapter are as follows:Chapter 1 introduces the necessity and practical significance of the research on the tertiary industrial structure and employment structure in the United States.This paper gives a detailed review of industrial structure and the internal structure of industrial structure and tertiary industry by scholars all over the world in recent decades.The quantitative analysis methods of this study are also given,including time series analysis method,cross section comparison method,principal component analysis method,cluster analysis method and coupling analysis method calculated by SPSS software.Chapter 2 is the basic concepts,basic theories and comments of this paper.Firstly,the definition of the concepts used in this paper is given.Secondly,it gives the official definitions of various industries in the United States,especially the most important tertiary industry in the United States and the industries it contains.Finally,it draws on the relevant theories of several economists on industrial structure and tertiary industry and gives comments.Chapter 3 provides scientific,detailed and reliable background data for the in-depth study of the most important chapters in this paper.The first is to analyze the dynamic changes of GDP in the United States.The second is to analyze the dynamic changes in the composition of the added value of the three industries in the United States.From 1950 to 2017,the changing trend of the output value composition of the three industries in the United States is as follows: the proportion of the primary industry declines,the proportion of the secondary industry declines,and the proportion of the tertiary industry rises.The third is to analyze the changes in the number of American employees and the composition of their three industries.From 1950 to 2017,the trend of employment composition of the three industries in the United States is the same as that of the three industries.Chapter 4,from the perspective of output value,deeply analyses the output value structure of the tertiary industry in the United States from 1950 to 2017.The financial,insurance and real estate leasing industries are the most contributing industries in the tertiary industry of the United States.The public management industry is the second largest contributor to the tertiary industry in the United States.Professional business services industry is the third largest contributor to the tertiary industry in the United States.The share of each of the other seven industries in the tertiary industry in the United States in the tertiary industry generally does not exceed 15%.Chapter 5,from the perspective of labor force,makes an in-depth analysis of the labor structure within the tertiary industry in the United States from 1950 to 2017.From 1950 to 1997,among the six industries in the tertiary industry of the United States,the proportion of the labor force in the public management industry to the total labor force in the tertiary industry has always been very large,ranging from 1/5 to 1/3,which is the largest share of the labor force in the tertiary industry in the United States.The share of "service industry labor force" ranks second."Finance,insurance and real estate labor force" ranked third.From 1998 to 2017,the "public management industry" still accounted for the largest percentage of the total labor force in the tertiary industry of the United States.During this period,the industries with the fastest and the largest number of labor force growth were education,medical treatment and social assistance.Chapter 6 makes a quantitative and in-depth analysis of the growth potential of the tertiary industry in the United States.The author applies Excel and SPSS 24.0,and uses the standard principal component analysis method to explain the factors affecting the growth potential of the tertiary industry in the United States.The results show that among the many factors affecting the growth potential of the tertiary industry in the United States,the most influential one is the tertiary industry's higher education support capability,and the second influential one is the tertiary industry's employment efficiency.In the influencing factor system of "the first strong",the cost of public higher education institutions ranks first,and the number of students enrolled in higher education institutions ranks second.Chapter 7,establishes the "coupling model" of the tertiary industry development system and the tertiary industry support system in 49 regions of the United States(excluding Alaska and Hawaii).It analyses whether the tertiary industry system and its tertiary industry support system in different regions of the United States coordinate development and coordination degree.The results show that the top five states in the United States have the highest coupling degree between tertiary industry development and tertiary industry support system.In most states of the United States,the tertiary industry system and the tertiary industry support system are in the negative coupling stage of mild maladjustment recession.Chapter 8,is the conclusion and enlightenment of this study.The general law of the change of industrial structure and employment structure in the United States is given,and the law of the change of output value and employment structure of the tertiary industry in the United States is also given.This paper explores the enlightenment of this study on China's future industrial restructuring and tertiary industry development.