| Sense of place is a special relationship through transformation of cultural and social characteristics.Exploring the rules of residents' sense of place in the tourism community has an important theoretical and practical significance in improving tourism resource development efficiency,strengthening tourism management,and enhancing the tourism market development etc.Tourism development in ethnic areas can not only bring economic income,but also cause various social and cultural conflict,collision and change.However,little research has been conducted about this topic.Supported by the national natural science foundation of "The Coupling of Tourist Flow and Destination:Factors,Models and Mechanism—A Case Study of Inbound Tourism of Six Typical Cities in China"(NO.41271158),this research regards difference of residents' sense of place from different nationalities as the object based on theories of sociology,economics,psychology and geography.At the same time,it uses SPSS and AMOS analytical software,combines qualitative and quantitative methods and chooses tourism-highly-developed Baise City and Napo County in Guangxi as cases,to explore the different characteristics and rules of place cognition,place attachment and behavioral intention between Han and Zhuang residents in the same tourism community,and that of Zhuang residents in different tourism communities,which will provide scientific basis for the tourism planning and management in ethnic areas and direction for market and product development of the tourism industry there.Main contents of this research are to state the significance of differences of residents' sense of place in the tourism community,analyze the theoretical basis,review the literature about sense of place both at home and abroad;further explore the theory of sense of place,build the "cognition—affection-behavioral intention" structural model of residents' sense of place in the tourism community;explore categories of place cognition,place attachment and behavioral intention;establish the index system measuring residents' sense of place in the ethnic tourism community of China;explore different characteristics and rules of place cognition,place attachment and behavioral intention between Han and Zhuang residents in the same tourism community and that of Zhuang residents in different tourism communities;and analyze the function of residents' sense of place in the tourism community in order to make some suggestions for the tourism development in ethnic areas.Main conclusions of this research are as follows:(1)It has established the "Cognition—Affection—Behavioral Intention"conceptual model of residents' sense of place in the tourism community.Cognition is residents' understanding and evaluation about the community,affection is their emotion or affective experience,and behavioral intention is state of their exhibition of the community to outsiders.Place cognition,place attachment and behavioral intention are corresponding to the cognition,affection and behavioral intention about attitudes.(2)The "self' protection awareness of residents in the one-ethnic tourism community is strong,which is less than that of residents in the Han-ethic-mixed tourism community.In Baise city,Zhuang residents' "self" protection awareness are much stronger than that of Han residents,and Zhuang residents in Napo pay more attention on"self'than Zhuang residents in Baise city,which illustrates that the "self"protection awareness of Zhuang residents are strong,and the "self"protection awareness of ethnic residents in one-ethnic tourism community are much stronger than their counterparts in Han-ethnic-mixed tourism community in the mutual fusion of Han and Zhuang residents in the process of economic,social and cultural development.This is because different residents are differently affected during the process stated above.Therefore,tourists should show the respect for the original traditions and behavioral preferences of ethnic residents in the process of tourism development in ethnic areas.(3)The exclusiveness of ethnic residents in the developing tourism community is much stronger than their counterparts from the developed tourism community.The cognitive level about others of Han residents are much higher than Zhuang residents in Baise city,which illustrates that Han residents are easier to make friends with tourists than Zhuang residents in the same tourism community,at the same time,that the cognitive level about others of Zhuang residents in Baise city are much higher than Zhuang residents in Napo illustrates that Zhuang residents in the developed tourism community are more easier to familiar with tourists than that in the developing tourism community.(4)The residents' place identity and affective attachment are much stronger in tourism communities which are less affected by the other culture,and ethnic residentsshow more place identity and affective attachment than Han residents.Zhuang residents in Napo show more place identity than Zhuang residents in Baise city,and Zhuang residents show more place identity than Han residents in Baise city,which declares Zhuang residents who are less affected by outside culture are much more spiritually attached;Zhuang residents in Napo show more affective attachment that Zhuang residents in Baise city,and Zhuang residents show more affective attachment than Han residents in Baise city,which illustrates Zhuang residents who are less influenced by outside culture show much more affective attachment.Therefore,ethic residents'traditions and behavioral preferences should be respected during the process of tourism exploitation.(5)Ethic residents show more enthusiasm for tourism development than Han residents in the ethnic tourism community.Zhuang residents more actively support the tourism development than Han residents in Baise city.This is because these two kinds of residents get different benefits from the tourism development.Zhuang restnts are more easily affected by the tourism development.Thus,more people-benefit projects should be implemented during the tourism development.The place attachment of Zhuang residents has greater impacts on behavioral intention than that of Han residents in Baise city,which illustrates ethnic residents are much more enthusiastic than Han residents.(6)Ethnic residents are more likely to actively participate in the ourism development and protect the environment than Han residents.Zhuang residents are better than Han residents in this respect in Baise city,which illustrates ethnic resident hope that they could benefit from tourism development,and at the same time,they wish to obtain the ethnic and cultural identity through promoting their own culture,especially the material and spiritual culture.This research makes innovations and breakthroughs in the following aspects:(1)It builds the "ognition—Affection—Behavioral Intention" structural model of residents' sense of place in the tourism community,and its evaluation index system.Sense of place consists of place cognition,place attachment and behavioral intention.Besides,place cognition includes six indexes,that is,self,self—other relationship,others,other—environment relationship,environment and environment—self,place attachment includes place dependence,place identity,affective attachment and social relationship,and behavioral intention includes tourism support,tourism participation,and environment protection.(2)It finds the rules of difference on the sense of place between ethnic and Han residents in the ethnic tourism area.For example,self-protection awareness of ethic residents are much stronger than their Han counterparts;ethnic residents in developing tourism communities show more exclusiveness than that in developed tourism communities;place identity and affective attachment of ethnic residents are much stronger than Han residents.All these provide new directions and theoretical basis for the tourism development in ethnic areas.(3)The research path innovation:this research chooses one-ethnic and Han-ethnic-mixed communities as cases,combines the sense of place,cultural difference and tourism development together and regards residents in ethnic tourism communities as object to explore different characteristics and rules of sense of place between Han and Zhuang residents in the same tourism community and that of Zhuang residents in different tourism communities,which provides the basis for comparative research on ethnic culture.As a member of the ethnic minority,the author hopes to make some contribution to tourism development and ethnic culture protection and inheritance in ethnic areas.However,with the limitation of research time and research ability,this research only select Han and Zhuang residents in tourism communities as the object,and it deserves much discussion about these conclusions in the future. |
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