| Time travel has long been a human dream,and the related physical exploration and philosophical thinking has never stopped.The history of academic research on tourism is nearly 130 years,and the research fields and topics are increasingly enriched.But there is no precedent for bringing together the seemingly disparate topics of time travel and tourism.The most significant external characteristics of tourism are the allopatyr and temporary.Taking this as a sign,tourism becomes a flowing phenomenon in a certain time and space,accompanied by the complex changes in tourists' hearts,enabling them to complete a secular physical and mental state transition.In a sense,this may be a physical and mental time travel.It is the first time to view the tourism phenomenon from the perspective of time travel.This study is a bold exploration trip,trying to understand the significance of "time travel" in the tourism experience,and confirming the academic value of this category for the study of tourism experience.The framework of this study is:The first part starts from the observation and thinking of social phenomenon as the origin of the subject.Phenomenon is the mother of theory.The pursuit of the past and the longing for the future accumulated in the long human society have already become a kind of complex of human beings,and the desire and demand of time travel have been cultivated accordingly.From the worship of the totem in ancient times to the flood of the Buddha's enlightenment,the image landscape after the arrival of the age of mechanical reproduction shows human's desire for time travel in different forms and tries to find possible solutions for it.With the development of science and technology,more possibilities are provided to satisfy the instrumental conditions of human's desire for time travel.Historically,the time travel requirement is gradually being formalized into physical entities or definite space-time existence from the early virtual or fantasy,thus providing opportunities for people's physical visit and experience.In other words,from literary works to films and TV plays to architectural entities and thematic operating space,the implicit demand of time travel gradually becomes an explicit need.Therefore,in the context of globalization,a new solution to time travel should come,that is,the rise of modern tourism.Tourism is a kind of embodied experience,which can really exchange the transformation of space for the distortion of time,thus satisfying human's desire to travel back and forth in time corridors.However,such an important topic has not been given proper attention by tourism academia.The establishment of this paper's research topic is gradually emerging in such a background.The second part is the design of this study.This study uses a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods.There are few researches on tourism and time-travel.How to obtain directly relevant materials is the difficulty and emphasis of this paper.This study uses network ethnography as a field survey site.Two questions related to tourism experience were published on the zhihu platform.As a result,many netizens gave their own experiences and some users were commenting on others' answers.Such online interaction formed the fresh qualitative analysis data of this study.In addition to zhihu q&a,this study also collected 133 travel notes from ctrip and other websites.The questionnaire for this study was issued on July 13,2017-July 20,2017,and the data was collected mainly through questionnaire survey,with 2,339 data collected.In the end,data collected were cleaned according to the criteria such as the time used to complete the questionnaire,logic errors,and the same question,and 426 questions were eliminated,1913 valid data were retained,and the rate of effective questionnaire returned was 81.8%.The third part is literature review.Due to the lack of relevant literature accumulation,this study is divided into two chapters to analyze the non-tourism and tourism literature separately.The third chapter is mainly based on the relevant results of the non-tourism research and sorts out the nature and function of the time travel.In order to combine the two topics of time travel and tourism and explore the essential connection between them,the spatial and temporal issues and relevant theories are firstly sorted out.The integrity of space and time,the interactive property of the host and the guest,and the transitivity of time and space provide theoretical support for the travel through space to experience time.The "prepermanence"of time also constitutes the objective premise of the human time yoke,which not only binds the realization of human time travel but also stimulates the strong demand of human time travel.In the direction of time,this need is reflected in the two vectors of backward return and rush to the external,which are embodied in human behavior,namely the pursuit of eternity and immortality and nostalgia complex.Time travel is only possible in the theory of physics.In the case that there is no way to be satisfied through the realistic approach,the mind wandering becomes an alternative form of time-tourism experience.When the era of mass tourism comes,tourism activities can also meet the needs of human beings to some extent and become a more realistic alternative to tourism experience.There is a close connection between the two,neither mutually exclusive nor distinct.Travel through the use of the spirit of travel,but different from the daily,that is an immersive long-distance trip.In general,pure fugue is a kind of fantasy in the living world.Tourism is accompanied by the physical experience of the entering behavior,which is more conducive to the appearance of high-level fugue and easier to get through experience.Through the analysis in the third chapter,it can be clearly seen that tourism is a realistic substitute to meet the needs of human time travel.Therefore,the fourth chapter focuses on the in-depth analysis of tourism as an alternative form of time travel.Undoubtedly,time travel is a kind of activity centering on the transformation of time and space.The main external features of tourism activities are "long-distance" and "temporary",which are ultimately time and space issues.This point is consistent with time travel.Through textual archaeological research on the definition of tourism,it is found that only two dimensions of time and space have gained consensus in the definition of tourism.The choice that time tourism experience becomes reality is obtained through the time and space transformation,but this kind of transformation is the way of transforming space into time and experiencing time through space.This approach undoubtedly requires the existence of things rich in time information and evocative subjective resonance in space,and not all Spaces have such functions.In this point,tourism also has a unique advantage.The tourist world is a time and space with tourism landscape as the core.The attractions that become the landscape are usually landscapes with historical and cultural characteristics,eternal significance or sense of future,which can meet the needs of mankind to travel back to the past and to the future.Finally,since tourism itself is a kind of physical experience,the traversing experience gained by tourists in tourism activities is an immersive multi-sensory experience.This sense of presence and multi-sensory feature undoubtedly brings more rich sensory experience to tourists,and the tourism experience is also more comprehensive and impressive.The fourth part,on the basis of the theoretical study in the previous chapters,makes an empirical study on the tourists' motivation and behavior in time tourism experience.The theory of tourism motivation highlights that people try to use the time-space conversion mechanism of tourism experience to tourists,and meet their own demands for time-tourism experience in a more effective way than sleepwalking and wandering.However,time travel in tourism and tourism in the same nostalgic motivation,from the perspective of the mobile phone often potential.In order to verify this from an empirical point of view,this study conducted content analysis of travelogue text,from which it can be clearly seen.Tourists in choosing a destination,and,in general,formed in the process of tourism expectations,obtained through experience is often not the main motive,even completely is a kind of potential motive,due to the effect of tip or inspire of the environment,makes the evoked potential motive,eventually obtained through feeling,in the form of surprise and reverse proved through motivation is real.Because of the potential of travel motivation,the sense of travel is often unexpected,always surprise someone in an unplanned way.From this perspective,the acquisition of time travel experience always requires some kind of"arousing" in the environment.Through this arousing the tourists' memory,association,yearning or imagination,the purpose or effect of the psychological time travel experience can be achieved.In chapter 5,based on the travel sense assumption,the author then analyzes the degree of correlation in the sense of travel dimension between several leisure activities.The results of quantitative analysis show that compared with daily leisure activities,tourism can give individuals a stronger sense of travel.Through the correlation analysis,it can be found that tourism and other daily leisure activities are highly correlated.This result illustrates two problems.First,activities such as reading,watching movies,listening to music and eating delicious food can not only have the function of traversing evocation,but also bury the seeds of traversing motivation and demand and form motivation and expectation through these methods.Secondly,all of the above leisure activities can be carried out in the process of tourism.However,these activities are carried out in different places and enter a new world after the time and space transformation,which has the color of tourism.In this case,these activities are endowed with new values for tourism,and tourists can get different experiences.As tourism is a real space movement,tourists are entering a real environment different from daily life.Therefore,their experience must be physical,which can be seen,heard,heard,thought,touched,savoured and of course similar.When these perceptual objects bring the perceptive subjects beyond the threshold of their personal daily life experience,the perceptive subjects can get the spiritual experience of traversing.In order to determine what kind of regularity tourists have in preference selection.According to the data of questionnaire survey,detailed sample description statistical analysis,grouping comparison,correlation analysis of accompanying leisure preference,and type preference analysis of preference and tourism landscape are made around the activity preference of time-tourism experience.Then,the corresponding factors and cluster analysis were made for tourism activity preference and landscape type,and relevant assumptions were confirmed.The fifth part,based on the content analysis of travelogue text,makes a comprehensive and detailed analysis on the core concept of the traversing experience in tourism.The sense of time travel is a kind of subjective feeling.Such subjectivity enables the destination to be a reality space and time supported objectively,a kind of virtual space and time from imagination,or a combination of both,to move to a destination space with certain objective support and pass through time through imagination.This is tourism.As an important part of the sense of time travel,the sense of history and the sense of future are slightly different from the sense of time travel.The sense of time travel is accompanied by a dynamic sense,while the sense of history and the sense of future may be static.But in the specific tourism context,the sense of travel is often reflected in the sense of history and future.Through text analysis,it is shown that the sense of travel is constructive,which is mainly influenced by the tourists' knowledge background,life experience and living environment.The evocation of the sense of passage comes mainly from an interaction or contact with a similar situation.Through the analysis of travel notes,it is found that the acquisition of the sense of history is related to the characteristics of historical original appearance,familiarity,similarity and relative backwardness in the tourism context.The sense of future comes more from the sense of technology,advanced,fresh and even strangeness.Both sense of history and sense of future are not absolute,both can be obtained by the relativity principle of time scale.The influencing factors of traversing quality mainly include:individual tourists,landscape quality and tourism atmosphere.The negative factors such as these factors,which we call"anti-crossing" factors,mainly include;All kinds of "punctures" and various forms of"noises" do not conform to the characteristics of the landscape age,and at the same time,it is found that tourists tend to adjust themselves to these anti-crossing factors.The sixth part summarizes the whole paper.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:there is a universal crossing complex in human beings;Travel is a realistic alternative to the time-travel experience.Time-travel experience is the "motivating factor"in tourism activities.The traversing experience in tourism activities is characterized by intermittent penetration.Based on the research results and the comparison of landscape features and crossing modes,this paper proposes a travel crossing experience model,which shows that there are significant differences in the process and results of the formation of travel experience between tourism and spirit travel.On this basis,the consideration of time travel and travel is beyond the level of tourism and the observation of time travel itself,and the meaning of travel experience is explained from the perspective of the meaning of life is the "completeness" of life. |
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